VARIETIES OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. 



137 



aeneral colour of her stin was a brownish yellow, almost as deep as that 

 of her face. Her movements had sometliing hasty and capricious in 

 them, hke tliose of an Ape. Slie had the same liabit of pushing out licr 

 lips, as may be observed in the Oiang-Outang. Her heigiit was about four 

 feet nine inches, wliich appears, according to tlie report of her country- 

 men, to be much above the usual size. 



The tribe of Boschismans, which is probalily identical with that of the 

 Houzouanas, described by M. Le Vaillant, has its facial angle no greater 

 than 75°, and approaches nearer to the brute in this respect as it does in 

 many others, than most other branches of the human species. 



The Hottentots and Boschismans occupy the extreme Southern point 

 of Africa, but do not e.\tend within the tropics; they are spread around 

 the basin of the Oranae River under the names of Gonaquois, Naniaquois, 

 Coranas, Boschismans. and Hovizouanas. 



The Caifres, as well as tlie Colonists of the Cape, wage a war of ex- 

 termination against tiie unfortunate Hottentots, who wander about 

 clothed in skins, besmeared with black or red grease, in the midst of 

 their cattle, which form their whole possessions. 



ANOMALOUS RACES. 



Syn. Vabi£t£s de Races moins distinctes. — Desm. Mam. 47. 



The southern portion of the peninsula, situate immediately be- 

 yond the Ganges, is inhabited by the M.a\ays {H. 3Ialai/e>ms), who 

 appro.vimate more nearly to the Hindoos in their pliysical charac- 

 ters than to the Mongolians. Their race and language are widely 

 dispersed throughout the coasts of nearly all the islands of the In- 

 dian .Archipelago. 



The innumerable small islands of the Southern Ocean are also 

 peopled by a handsome race (//. Poli/nesius), apparently resembling 

 the Hindoos, while tiieir language bears many [remote] analogies 

 to tlie Malayan. 



But the interior districts of the larger islands, and more especi- 

 ally tlieir wildest territories, are inhabited by another race (ZT. Aus- 

 t.ralasicus). with dark complexions, and approaching more nearly 

 to the Negro in form. These islanders, who live in a state of ex- 

 treme barbarity, are commonly termed Alfooroos [and may be sub- 

 divided into two branches, the Proper Australians {H. Australiiis) 

 and the Oceanic Negroes {H. Melaninus)']. 



Again, we find upon the coasts of New Guinea and the neigh- 

 bouring islands, a race commonly termed Papoos (II. Papueji,ni), 

 and nearly resembling the Caffres of the Eastern Coast of Africa. 

 The inhabitants of New Holland {H. Australiiis) are regarded as 

 Alfooroos, while those of. Van Diemen's land should rather be 

 considered as Papoos [or Tasmanians].' 



It is not very easy to refer either the Malays or Papoos to any 

 of the three Normal Races, for the former merge by insensible gra- 

 dations, on the one hand, into the Hindoos of the Caucasian races, 

 and on the other, into the Chinese of tlie Mongolian race, so that 

 we can scarcely point out any characteristics sufficiently marked to 

 distinguish them. We are not yet in possession either of figures 

 or descriptions sufficiently exMct to decide whether the Papoos [as 

 some have conjectured] are not merely Negroes, who have anciently 

 lost their way upon the Indian Seas. 



The tribes (//. H yperboreus) who inhabit the northern extremity 

 of both continents, such as the Samoids^ and the Esquimaux, 

 belong, according to some writers, to the Mongolian race ; according 

 to others, they are merely some degenerate offsets of the Scythian 

 or Tartar branch of the Caucasian races. The Americans them- 

 selves (H. Americanus) have not hitherto been clearly referred to 

 any one of the races found in the Ancient Continent, yet they have 

 not those precise and constant characters which would permit us 

 to elevate them to the rank of a Normal race. Their reddish cop- 

 per-coloured complexion is not a sufficient one, while their hair, 

 generally black, and their scanty beards, would lead us to include 

 them among the Mongolian races, if their harshly-defined counte- 

 nances, their nose as prominent as ours, their large and projecting 

 eyes, did not oppose this arrangement, and assimilate them more 

 nearly to the European forms of countenance. Their languages 



are as innumerable as their tribes, and all attempts to demonstrate 

 a satisfactory analogy between the latter and the dialects of the Old 

 World have hitherto failed.' 



A. HOMO MALAYENSIS-MALAYS. 

 Spi- Les Malais. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 83. Less Mam. I. 2+. 



Race Malaie Desm. Mam. 47 (in part). 



H. Nepiunianls, Race Malaise (Orientai.e). — Bory, Ess. Zool. I. 

 281. 



Malaise ou Oceanioue Desmoul. Tab. 



H. Sapiens, var. Malavana (in part). — Blumenb. Hand. 

 Icon. Klumenti. Dec. Crau. IV. t. 39. (Skull of a Javanese.) 

 Pcron Voy. pi. 38 to 43. 



The Malays were first recognised as a distinct race during the twelfth 

 century, when some of their tribes, emigrating from Menang-Kabou in 

 Sumatra, founded Singhapoura.and established the principal seat of their 

 power at Johor, in the peninsula of Malacca. This warlike and commer- 

 cial people have rendered themselves masters of the sea coast of most 

 of the islands in the Indian Archipelago, and have either extirpated the 

 original inhabitants, or driven them to the mountains of the interior, where 

 the Alfooroos long existed, unknown to European navigators. 



From a continual intercourse with the Moors of the Ked Sea they 

 have acquired the Mahometan Religion, with many Arabian customs, 

 while other traditions and customs are evidently derived from their 

 neighbours the Hindoos. The inliabitants of Java, mixed with Arabic 

 blood, have long composed several powerful and populous states. In 

 the neighbouring Islands of Borneo, Celebes, Tidore, Ternati, Sumatra, 

 and Sooloo, we find the same race established, though often modified in 

 some degree from an extensive intercourse with Europeans and Chinese. 

 But the Malayan race may be found in its greatest purity in the Islands 

 of Guebaj', Oby, Gilolo, Floris, Lonibok, and Bali. 



In all the governments of the Malays, we find the despotic form of the 

 Hindoos universally adopted, where the person of the Rajah is held in 

 the profoundest veneration. Capable of the blackest perfidy and dupli- 

 city, and with an ardent thirst for revenge, the Malays are as celebrated in 

 the East for their treachery, as some Atlantic nations once were for their 

 " Punic faith." The annals of Malayan history are one continued record 

 of assassination and treason, while in all ages piracy has been, with a large 

 portion of the population, one favourite mode of acquiring a livelihood. 

 Professing the tenets of Islamisin, the Malays adopt polygamy, and 

 other precepts of the Koran, but modified by several Hindoo dogmas. 

 Their chiefs are richly clad according to the Hindoo manner, while the 

 lower orders go about entirely naked, with the exception of a narrow 

 piece of cloth round the waist. In general, the Malay is sensual and dis- 

 solute in the extreme, passionately devoted to intoxicating liquors and 

 opium ; and, above all, to the practice of chewing the betei-nut. This 

 drug appears almost peculiar to the Malayan race, in whose territory the 

 materials are plentifully to be found. The Pinang (Areca), the Pepper, 

 and occasionally also the Cashew, with some calcareous earth, form its 

 ingredients. 



^ For a further knowledge of the different races who people the Islands of India and the Pacific Ov-ean, consult the Dissertation of M!M. Lesson and Garnot, in the 



" Zoologic du Voyage de la Coquille^" p. 1-113 ; and for the languages of the .\siatic nations and their mutual relations, see the '* Asia Folt/glotta" of M. Klaproth 



Note of the Baron Cuvier. 



^ M. Cuvier includes the Laplanders in this enuraeration (Re^. Anira. p. 84) ; and M. Garnot (Voyage de la Coquille, tome I. p. 512) is disposed to consider a part 

 only as Hyperboreans. We have been induced (see before, p. 132), from the affinity of their language to the Finnic or Tchoude dialects, to place them in the Scythian 

 branch of the Caucasians. 



3 On the subject of the .Americans, besides the Voyage of M. Von Humboldt, so rich in important documents, consult the Dissertations of Vater and Mitchell. — Note 

 of the Baron Cuvier, 

 35 



