VARIETIES OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. 



143 



The Saltatras 

 The Coyote . 

 The Giveros . 

 The Cambujo 



. WW-tA^lW+Bx j^^. 





. iP^+M^)=|B + iA + . 



W 



The comliinadons of the fourth order, whicli liave been distinguished 

 by particular names, are the following ; 



Tlie QuiNTEROON descends from the White race and the Quadroon. 



The PticHUKLAS is the progeny of the White and the Octavoon. 



The Harnizos comes from the White and the Coyote. 



The Alearassados is the descendant of the Mulatto and the Cambujo. 



Proceeding, in the same manner as before, to calculate the purity of 

 descent, we find 



TheQuinteroon . i ( ^V + 7 W -}- B \ _j^5 y^ , _,_ g 



The Puchuelas . ^ ^ W + JJ^_+A- )=i| W + J^' A 



Harnizos . A f W + ^^+^'^+ ^^=1.5 W J- -• A -U B 



Albarassados i (^^lL + 3_B_+ 3^A + 2 W ■^ 



= T^ ^ + "i" ^^ + Te ^ 



The only combination of tb.e fifth ordor which wc shall notice is 

 The Bakzinos, proceeding from the White and Albarassados, giving 

 lor its formula 



The 

 The 



A ^ W + 7B + 6W+ 3 A N 



11 



1 (T 



w 4- JV B + J^ 



The remaining sub-varieties are not noticed by writers, as they present 

 nothing remarkable. The combinations may proceed absolutely without 

 limit, each preserving more or less tlie original character of its race, iti 

 proportion to its affinity with the several primitive stocks. It will be re- 

 marked that the preceding terms are mostly derived from the Spanish and 

 PortuQuese languages, because the several castes were first observed in 

 the colonies of those nations. 



The individuals resulting from alliances between remote races are in 

 general vigorous and lohust, and fully confirm the observations made by 

 Buffon and others, that the crossing of races tends to perfect the indi- 

 \idual. It is a singular fact, that the form of the head in the offspring 

 is always more like that of the father than of the mother, and it is not un- 

 worthy of noiice, tliat the same observation holds good in reference to 

 mules, or the sterile progeny of difl^erent species. 



To prevent the deterioration of the individual in the human race, it is 

 unnecessary to resort to remote alliances between foreign races. A Euro- 

 pean, married to another of a foreign country or of a different family, may 

 produce individuals as well-formed as those resulting from the union of a 

 European and Negro. In consequence of the intercourse of families, 

 the national characters of the primitive races are daily becoming more and 

 more obliterated. The migrations of nations from the north to the south, 

 the revolutions of empires, conquest and colonization, have further tended 

 to blend the human species together. Thus, the Turkish and Persian 

 blood becomes improved by their alliances with the Mingrelians, Circas- 

 sians, and other Proper Caucasians. In the East Indies, the intercourse 

 of the Europeans with the Hindoos has given rise to a sub-variety of the 

 White races, called Half-caste or Metis. These are as troublesome in the 

 East as the Mulattoes in the West Indies, and their consaDguinlty to the 

 pure European is distinguished by several gradations. 



The Castisse, the progeny of a White and a Half-caste Hindoo, is 

 therefore three-fourths European and one-fourth Hindoo. 



The PosTissE, the descendant of the European and Castisse, is seven- 

 eighth parts European and one-eighth Hindoo. 



In proportion as these combinations are multiplied, all the great dis- 

 tinctive characters of the races become gradually effaced, and blended into 

 each other, so that no definite characteristic remains. 



The Terceroons and Quadroons, the progeny of the Mulatto and 

 the White, are more or less of dark complexions. The females have 

 their mucous membranes of a violet tinge ; the Quadroons preserve 

 the dark scrotum of the Negro. It is remarkable that the black tinge 

 maintains itself longer in the nutritive and generative organs than in any 

 other parts of the body. 



In the preceding observations we have taken no notice of the Creole, 

 this variety being entirely the result of climate. When a European mar- 

 ries another European, and settles between the tropics, his offspring is 

 termed Creole, and the same name is applied to the offspring of Negro 



parents, born in the East or West Indies. In fact, this word, derived from 

 cTcare, to generate, is applied indiscriminately to all persons born in the 

 Indies, and even to the lower animals. It is, however, most commonly 

 limited to the progeny of Europeans. 



In the constitution of the Creole, we may trace the influence of a warm 

 climate upon the human frame. He is in general well- made, of good 

 stature, rather of meagre limbs, but of delicate frame. His passions are 

 violent, naturally haughty, imperious, and accustomed to exercise a des- 

 potic rule over a host of .slaves. 



The female Creoles of the tropical regions of the globe are very liable 

 to abortion, and yield little milk, for which reasons, their oflfspring is 

 usually nursed by Negress slaves. 



The Anglo-Americans and other inhabitants of the temperate parts of 

 North America do not materially differ in constitution from other Euro- 

 peans. 



FICTITIOOS RACES. 



Inaccurate observation and the love of the marvellous have given rise to 

 imaginary races, which on further examination have proved to arise from 

 in;Jividual malformation, disease, or the mistakes of early navigators. 



The Albino, called Blafard on the continent of Europe; Bedas, Chacre- 

 lus, or Kakerlaks, in India ; White-Negro or Dondos, in Africa ; Darien 

 in America, is an individual malformation or degeneration in the colour- 

 ing matter of the skin and hair, usually dying with the individual, but 

 sometimes becomes hereditary, and is transmitted to their ofl'spring. It 

 presents the same characters in whatever race it appears, and is found 

 likewise among the lower anuiials. (See before, pages 74 and 73.) 



The human Albinos are of a feeble constitution, the skin of a dull white, 

 the eyes weak with the iris red, and the hair of a pale}ellow. They are 

 most commonly found, or at least are most remarked, among the races of 

 dark complexions. At .lava, they are reported to form a wandering and 

 proscribed race, roaming in the woods under the name of Ckacrelas. La- 

 billardiere observed an Albino female of Malay descent upon one of the 

 Friendly Islands. The Albinos of Ceylon, cuUed Bedas or Bedos, appear 

 to belong to the Hindoo race. They are also found among the Papoos; 

 IV d have been seen, but very seldom, among the Hyperboreans. A 

 White Negress from Madagascar was observed by M. Bory de St Vin- 

 cent ; she had two children, the one by a Wliite, the other by a Negro. 

 Each of these children presented intermediate characters between its 

 parents, having the usual traits of the father combined with the Albino 

 features and white hair of the mother. Albinos are reported to be com- 

 mon in the woods of the Isle of France. '1 hey are also common on the 

 continent of Africa. In America, the most remarkable are the Dariens, 

 who reside in the isthmus connecting the northern nnd southern portions 

 of that continent. 



The Cretins, who are found in tiie mountain gorges of the Valois, 

 have been improperly raised to tlie rank of a variety of the human race. 

 They are usually lound among the Japetic or Celtic races. Imbecile in 

 mind, with a goitre disfiguring the anterior part of the neck, where the 

 glands are materially altered, a yellowish skm, languishing manner, and ex- 

 treme bodily weakness, these degenerate individuals drag on a wretched 

 existence in some mountainous regions, such as the Pyrenees, the Alps, 

 Styria, and the Carpathian chain. Sometimes they are born from well- 

 formed parents, and sometimes they compose small families, generally 

 hidden in the obscure recesses of the valleys. In most places they are 

 looked upon with disgust ; a healthy mountaineer would disdain to con- 

 tract a matrimonial alliance with one of these unfortunate individuals ; 

 but in the Valois they are regarded with a superstitious veneration. It 

 is said that Cretins are found in the Uralian mountains, the Himalayan, 

 and the Andes. They have also lieen remarked in the heights of Su- 

 matra. 



It is almost unnecessary to repeat here the numerous fables with which 

 credulous travelleis have crowded their narratives. The Quivios, of the 

 mountains of Madagascar, were represented as a variety, only three feet 

 and a half in height, with long arms, the form of an Ape, a white and 

 shrivelled skin, defending themselves with great courage, &c. &c. The 

 Men with tails, who have been found in the Indian Ocean, and especially 

 in the Island of Formosa, have dwindled down into ordinary apes before 

 more accurate observations. A race of Malay women is described by 

 Struys, wilh beards as long as their husbands'. The diminutive Africans, 

 also, who live on Grasshoppers, as mentioned by Drake, until the age of 

 forty, and in their turn are devoured by worms, must be placed in the same 

 list. We no longer discover tlie Pygmies and Troglodytes of antiquity, who 

 fought with the Cranes. One of the fathers of the Church gravely repeats 

 a conversation which he had with a Centaur in Africa, where he saw men 

 without a head, and one eye in the middle of the breast. Raleigh found 

 the same kind of Cyclops in South America, where also the Amazons of 

 the ancients have been resuscitated. Races have been mentioned with 

 a single leg and thigh supporting their bodies like a column. Tritons 

 or Sea-men, and Mer-maids or Sea-women, have likewise been taken 

 in Holland, and taught to sew wilh great precision. It is humorous 



