VARIETIES OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. 



145 



2. Caucasienne. 



3. Semitique. 



Atlantique. 

 Indoue. 



6. Mongolique. 



Kourilienne. 

 Ethiopienne- 

 Euro-Africaine. 



Arabe. 



Etrusco-Pelasge 



Celtique. 



Indo-Sinique. 



Mongole. 

 Hyperboreenne 



10. Austro-Africaine. 



il 



Hottentote. 



Houzouanas ou Boschismane. 



11. Malaise ou Oceanique, with 5 subdivisions. 



12. Papoue. 



13. Negre Oceanienne, with 4 subdivisions. 



14. Australasienne. 



15. Colombienne, with 2 subdivisions. 



16. Americaine, with 5 subdivisions. 



In this classification the analogies of language are singularly violated 

 in many instances, and subdivisions carried to a greater extent than the 

 actual state of our knowledge seems to warrant. 



Another writer on this subject is M. Lesson, who, in his Manuel de 

 Maramalogie (A.D. 1827), has proposed the following arrangement : 

 1°. Race Blanche ou Caucasienne. 



1. Arameen. 



2. Indien, Germain, et Pelasgique. 



3. Scythe et Tartare. 



1. Malais. 



2. Oceanien. 



2°. Race Jaune ou Mongolienne. 

 1. Mantchoux. 

 2- Sinique. 



3. Hyperboreen ou Eskimau. 



4. Americain. 



5. Mongol-Pelagien ou Carolin. 

 3°. Race Noire ou Melanienne. 



1. Ethiopien. 



2. Cafre. 



3. Hottentot. 



4. Papnu. 



5. Tasmanien. 



6. Alfourous-Endamene. 



7. Alfourous-Australien. 



Here M. Lesson has attempted to reduce all the races of Mankind 

 to three principal divisions, chiefly characterized by colour. The Malays, 

 though of a 3'ellowish copper-colour, are placed among the White races. 

 The Americans, though copper-coloured, are referred to the Yellow races; 

 and the Hottentots, though brown, or yellowish-brown, are placed among 

 the Black. Colour, we have always conceived, is one of the worst char- 

 acteristics of races, and any classification which does not admit the dis- 

 tinction between the Normal and Anomalous races — which does not as- 

 sume the analogies and affinities of language as the guide in the minor 

 subdivisions of races — or which looks to mere varieties of colour, without 

 attending to those of form as well as of intellectual character, is liable to 

 insurmountable objections. 



The latest writer whose observations have yet reached us is M. J. B. 

 Fischer. His arrangement (A.D. 1829), though in many respects an im- 

 provement on those of his predecessors, is still faulty. Besides several 

 minor defects, such as wholly omitting to distinguish the Tartar, Finnish, 

 and Ottoman races, he places the South American Indian and the South 

 Sea Islander in the same rank with the Caucasian, the Mongolian, and 

 the Ethiopian. We shall, however, by exhibiting his arrangement, en- 

 able our readers to form their own conclusions respecting its merits. 

 1. Homo Japeticus. 



«. a. Caucasicus (Orientalis). 



b. Pelagius (Meridionalis). 



c. Celticus (Occidentalis). 



d. Germanicus (Borealis). 



e. Slavonicus (Intermedius). 

 Arabicus 



a. Atlanticus (Occidentalis). 



b. Adamicus (Orientahs). 



/3. 



2. H. Neptunianus. 



3. Occidentahs. 

 y. Papuensis. 



3. H. Scythicus. 



/3. Sinicus. 



y. Hyperboreus. 



4. H. Americanus. 



/3. Patagonus. 



5. H. Columbicus. 



6. H. iEthiopicus. 



ii. Caffer. 



y. Melanoides. 



5. Hottentottus. 



7. H. Polynesius. 



The classification of the human races is a subject which has long been 

 totally neglected in our own country. All the S3'stems which we have ex- 

 plained emanate either from France or Germany; while in this island, Man 

 is either wholly omitted in our works on Natural History, as though 

 he were something foreign to the Animal Kingdom, or the views promul- 

 gated date as far back as the writings of Blumenbach; so that, in our 

 most modern systematic treatises,' we still find the human race divided 

 into five varieties. Our own arrangement, which we subjoin to facilitate 

 a comparison with those of preceding writers, is, we believe, the first 

 yet presented to the British reader. It is hoped that the English 

 terms by which we have designated some continental divisions, may 

 not be supposed identical with the common geographical names. Many 

 races of North American Indians are found to the southward of the Isth- 

 mus of Darien ; the Finns are not confined to Finnland, nor are the 

 Arabians to be found only in Arabia. We have retained the Hottentots 

 and Bushmen among the Negro races provisionally only, as it is very 

 questionable whether they should not be transferred to the Anomalous 

 Races, where they might be placed between the Papoos and Hyper- 

 boreans. 



NORMAL RACES. 



L Caucasians. 



A. H. Caucasicus — Caucasians Proper 



B. H. Japeticus lapetans. 



1. Pelagius — Pelasgians. 



2. Germanicus Germans. 



a. Teutonicus ^Teutonic Races. 



/3. Slavonicus Sclavonian Races. 



3. Indo-Persicus Indo-Persians. 



a. Indicus. — Hindoo Races. 



/3. Persicus Medo- Persian Races. 



C. H. Celticus Celts. 



D. H. Semiticus. — Araraeans. 



1. Arabicus Arabians. 



2. Atlanticus. — Atlantic Races. 



E. H. Scythicus. — Scythians. 



1. Othmauicus Ottoman Turks. 



2. Finnicus Finns. 



3. Tartaricus Tartars. 



II. Mongolians. 



A. H. Calmuccus — Calmucks and Mongolians Proper. 



B. H. Sinicus Chinese. 



0. H. Sericus. — Mantchoos 

 D. H. Kurilianus Ainoos. 



III. Negroes. 



A. H. yEthiopicus. — Ethiopians. 



B. H. CafFrarius Caffres. 



C. H. Capensis Hottentots and Bushmen. 



ANOMALOUS RACES. 



A. H. Malayensis— 



B. H. Polynesius 



C. H. Australasicus 



1. Australius. 



2. Melaninus 



D. H. Papuensis 



E. H. Hyperboreus. 



F. H. Americanus. 



1. Borealis. - 



2. Australis. 



-Malays. 

 -Polynesians. 

 — Australasians. 

 Australians. 

 ■Oceanic Negroes. 

 Papoos and Tasmanians. 

 .^Hyperboreans. 



-American Indians. 



North American Indians. 



-South American Indians 



y. Indicus. 



• Such as that of Major Hamilton Smith, in Griffith's Anim. King. vol. 5. Some Naturalists commence their systems with the Simiadtt or Monhet/s, which zfe thus 

 nude to stand at the head of the Blammiferous Animals, as well as of the entire Animal Creation. 

 37 



