APES OF THE OLD CONTINENT. 



147 



a long and prehensile tail, without callosities ; 5. Sagouins, with a 

 Ion" tail, not prehensile, and without callosities. Erxleben adopted 

 this division, and translated their names by the words Simia, Papio, 

 Cercopithecus, Cebus, and Callithrix. Thus, the last two terms, 

 which were used by the ancients to designate the Apes of Africa 

 and the East Indies, were transferred to the Apes of America. 

 It has since become necessary to suppress the genus Papions, 

 founded solely on the shortness of the tail, because it broke too 



much the natural afliniiies of species. All the others have been 

 subdivided ; and it has been requisite to remove out of the division 

 the Ouistitis, formerly included among the Sagouins, as they do 

 not correspond accurately with the characters of the remaining 

 Monkeys. 



The Apes may be divided, according as the number of their 

 molar teeth is 20 or 24, into two principal tribes, which again require 

 to be subdivided into several genera. 



TRIBE I. CATARRHINA.— APES OF THE OLD CONTINENT. 



SYNONT MS. 



CatakRHINI (x«t«, hata, down, ' t^iua, rrkina, nostrils) Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 86. 



Les Singes proprement dits, ou de l' Ancient Continent. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. 1. 87- 



CHARACTERS OF THE TRIBE. 



The Dental Formula the same as in Man (see before, page 1 ] 3). 



The Nostrils separated by a narrow partition, and opening beneath the nose. 



The Tail never prehensile, sometimes wanting. 



Inhabit the Old Continent. 



The Apes of the Old Continent have the same number of molar teeth as Man ; but they differ from each other by many characters 



which have furnished the distinctions to the following genera and species. 



GENUS L PITHECUS.— MEN-OF-THE-WOODS. 



Syn. OiiANGS PROPREMENT DrTS. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 87. — F. Cuv. in Diet, 

 des Sc. Nat. XXXVI. 27. 



Ohang (Pithecus) Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Isid. Geoff.' in Belang. 



Voy. p. 22. 

 Simia (in part) Linn. Gtnel — Illig. Prodr — Fisch. Syn. Mam. 



These are tlie only Apes of the Old Continent entirely without 

 callosities on the buttocks. The hyoid bone, the liver, and coecum, 

 resemble those of Man. Their nose does not project, they have no 

 cheek-pouches, nor any vestige of a tail. 



This genus comprises but a single species, the Orang-Ontang, of which 

 the young alone has yet been carefully examined by Naturalists. 



1. PITHECUS SATYRUS.— ORANG-OUTANG. 

 The Young. 



L'Ohang-Ootang. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 87 — F. Cuv. in DicL des 



Sc. Nat. XXXVI. 281.— F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam — Isid. Geoff. 



in Belang. Voy. p. 23. 

 Oran-Otan. — Shaw, Gen. Zool. I. 3. 

 Man-OF-the-Woods. — Edw.^ Glean. I. pi. 213. 

 Great Ape. — Penn.^ Quad. pi. 36. 



Jocko Buff. Hist. Nat. suppl. VII. 



Der eigentliche Orang-Utang. — Voigt, Thierr. I. 74. 



Der Orang-Utang (Waldmensch) — Schinz, Thierr. I. 98. 



SlWA Satyrus. — Linn. Gme!. I. 26. — Erxl. p. 6 — Blumenb. Hand, et 



Abbild.— Fisch. Syn. Mam. p. 9.-Kuhl,-> Beitr.— Tiles.s Naturh. Russ. 

 PrTHECUS Satyrus (Oraugroux). — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 87 — Desm. 



Mam. 50 Less. Mam. 30. — (Orang-Outang) — Ham. Smith, Syn. 



p. 3 (Red or Asiatic Orang-Outang).— Jard. Syn." p. 20-i. 

 Simia Agrias. — Schreb.' Saugth. 

 SmiA Abelh. — Fiscb. Syn. Mam. p. 10. 



Syn. 



PONGO Abelu Less. Mam. 31. 



Icon.^ Le Jocko Audeb.' Sing. 



L'OaANG-OuiA.\G Femelle. — F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 



Orang-Outang Abel. Chin.'° 



Donovan," Nat. Rep. pi. 58 and 59. 



Vosm." Descr. pi. l-l and 15. 



Camp. '3 Kort Beright. 



Red or Asiatic Orang-Outang Wils.'* lllustr. pi. 5, fig. 1 and 3. 



The Adltlt (very probably). 



Syn. Groote Orang-Outang of Oost-Indische Pongo Wurmb.'s in Ver- 



handl. van het Batav. Genootsh. 11. p. 245. 



Pongo Vurmbii Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 89 P. Wurme:i Desm. 



Mam. 52. — Less. Mam. 32. 



Singe de Wurjib Audeb. Sing. p. 21. 



Patio Wurmeii Latreille in Buff.'" ed. Sonn. XXXVI. p. 296. 



Simia Wurmbu Fisch. Syn. Mam. p. 32. 



Le Pongo.— F. Cuv. in Diet, des Sc. Nat. XXXVI. 285. 

 Icon. Pongo (squellette). — .'iudcb. Sing. Anat. pi. 2. 



spEciiic characters. 

 The Muzzle short in the young, very long in the adult. 

 The Forehead elevated in the you :g, greatly depressed in the adult. 

 The Pectoral Limbs veij long, reaching as low as the ancles. 

 The'External Ear medium size like that of Man. 

 The Hands narrow, and the Fingers elongated. 

 The Tail, Cheek-pojchks, aiid Callosities, all wanting. 

 The Hair scanty, of a brownish red in the young, black in the adult. 

 Inhabits Cochin-China, the Peninsula of Malacca, and e^j)ecially the 

 Island of Borneo. 



The Orangs, properly so called, have their arms sufficiently Ion;; 

 to reach the ground when they stand upright, while their thighs, or. 

 the contrary, are very short. 



' Isid Geoff, in Belang. Voy Voyage aui Indes-Orientales, pendant les annees 1825 a 1829, par M. Charles Belanger. — Mammiferes par M. Isidore Geoffroy-Si- 



Hilairc, Paris, 1834. 



2 Edw. Glean. Gleanings of Natural History, by G. Edwards, London, 1758 et seq. 



3 Penn. Quadr History of Quadrupeds, by Th. Pennant, London, 1793. 



* Kuhl, Beitr Beitrage zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie von J. H. Kuhl, Franckfart. 1820 et seq. 



* Tiles. Naturh. Rdss. — Naturhistorische Friichte der ersten Kaiserlichen Russisschen Weltumsegluug, von W. G. T.lefius, Petersburg, 1813. 



6 Jard. Syn Synopsis of the SimiadcE, at the conclusion of the NatuiaUst's Library, vol. 1. Monkeys, by Sir Wiliiam J.trdine, Bart., Edinburgh, 1833. 



7 ScHREB. Saugth Die Saugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natar mit BeschreibunEjen, von J. C. D. Schreber, Erlangen, 1775 et seq. 



8 The only good figure of the Orang-Outang for a long time was that of Vosmaer, made after a specimen kept at the Hague. That of Button (Suppl. VII, pi. I.) is 

 faulty at all points ; that of AUamand (Buff. d'Holl. XV. pi. XL.) is a little better, and has been copied in Schreber, pi. II. B. That of Camper, copied in Schreber, pi. II. C. 

 does not want precision, but it is easy to see that it was not drawn after the living animal. Bontius, Med. Ind. 84, presents a creature of his own imagination, althou;h 

 LinnjEus made it the type of his Troglodytes (Amoea, Acad, VI. pi, I. § 1). There are some tolerably good figures in Griff. Anim. King., and in Krusenstern's Voy ge, pi. 

 XClV. and XCIV., but all taken from young specimens,— No<e nfthe Baron Cuvier. 



9 Audeb. Sikg. Histoirc Naturelle des Singes et des Makis, par J. B. Audebert, Paris, An. 8 (1799-1800). 



10 Narrative of a Journev in the Interior of China, and of a Voyage to and from that country, in the years 1816 and 1817, by Dr Clarke Abel, London, 1818. 



11 Donovan, Nat, RepI The Naturalist's Repository, or Monthly Miscellany of Exotic Natural History, by Edward Donovan, London, 1821 et seq, 



12 VosM. Descr Description de I'espece de Singe, &c. nomme Orang-Outang, par A. Vosmaer, Amsterdam, 1778. 



IS Camp. Kort Beright Kort beright wegens de Ontleding van verschiedene Orang-Utangs, van P. Camper, Amsterdam, 1778. 



" WiLS. Illuste. Zool Illustrations of Zoology, by James Wilson, Edinburgh, 183], The synonym Med, apiilied to the Orang-Outang, is at least premature, 



inasmuch as the adult appears to become black. This appellation is also adopted in Jardine's Naturalist's Library, and in Jard. Syn. 



15 Wurmb's Paper in Verhandlingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap der Konsten en Wetenschapen, Batavia, 1792 et seq. 



16 BoFF, ED. Sonn Histoire Naturelle, par Jl. Le Clerc de Buffon. Nouvelle Edition, par C. S. Sonnini, Paris, An. 7 and 8 (1798-1800). 



