THE GUENONS. 



153 



with a black, the other with a white band over the eyes. They are not 

 so capricious as the other Guenons. The damage occasioned by these 

 animals in the cultivated fields of Senegal, at the seasons when the millet 

 and other grain become ripe, is incalculable. Forty or fifty Guenons 

 assemble together. One Guenon mounts upon a tree as an outpost, 

 listening and watching on every side, while the remainder are plundering. 

 As soon as he perceives any one approaching, the sentinel cries out like 

 an enraged person to give notice to the remainder, who start off with their 

 booty on hearing the signal, and leap with prodigious agility from tree to 

 tree. The females, who catry their young clinging against the abdomen, 

 run off with the rest, with the same agihty as if they had no burthen to 

 carry. These animals do not agitate their jaws, when displeased, like the 

 other Guenons, and they walk more frequently upon all the four hands 

 than on two only. They are from a foot and a half to two feet in length 

 from the point of the muzzle to the insertion of the tail ; and the tail is 

 not so long as the body and head taken together. 



The body is slender. The head medium size ; with the cranium slightly 

 lengthened and flattened upon the vertex; the forehead projecting above the 

 orbits of the eyes, and above the upper part of the nose. The face is flesh- 

 coloured, the nose covered with short black hair; the eyes sunken; a 

 black or white band passing over the eye, resembling a prolonged eye- 

 brow i the hair very plentiful upon the cheeks, forming cheek-tufts ; the 

 ears naked. Its bright yellowish-red hair, which extends over the fore- 

 head, the vertex, occiput, upper part of the neck, the back, sides, crup- 

 per, sometimes only the upper part of the tail, and sometimes the whole 

 tail, and the thigh, are not without some mixture of black and grey, pro- 

 ceeding from the circumstance that many of the hairs are black on the 

 points and elsewhere grey. The red hair becomes paler upon the outside 

 of the arm, the fore-arm and leg ; while it finally tends, upon the cheeks, tip 

 of the muzzle, neck, lower part of the neck, arm-pits, the inner surfaces 

 of all the limbs, the breast and the belly, to a white, mixed in several 

 points with yellow, pale-red, and grey. The hair throughout is general- 

 ly rough and glossy. The nails are black, the palms of the hands brown. 



Mr Bennett remarks, that a specimen in the Gardens of the Zoological 

 Society of London was " lively and active, but somewhat irascible if dis- 

 turbed or handled. It was, however, too young to be dangerous. When 

 pleased it danced on all-fours in a peculiar and measured step, which was 

 far from being ungraceful; although after a time it became ludicrous from 

 its regular monotony." 



' 2. CERCOPITHECUS .ETUIOPS.— COLLARED MANG.\BEY 



GUENON. 



Syn- Le Mangabey a collier. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. L 9L 

 Cebcocebus ^thiops. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 

 Cercopithecus /Ethiops. — Desm. Mam. 62. 

 SiMiA iETHiOPi. — Fisch. Syn. Mam. 2.3. — Linn. Gmcl. I. 39. 

 White eyeud Monkey. — Penn. Syn. p. 114. 



Icon. Mangabey a collier Geoff, et F. Cuv. Hist. Mam. 



Le Mangabey var. A — Audeb. Sing. 

 Buff. Hist. Nat. XIV. pi. .33. 



specific characters. 

 The Hair slate-grey above, whitish beneath,' also on the temples, and 

 on the back of the neck ; bright chestnut-brown on the top of the head; 

 a greyish band beneath the ear. 

 The Eyelids white. 

 Inhabits the Western coast of Africa. 



BufFon says that this animal comes from Madagascar, while Has- 

 selquist assigns it to Abyssinia. The fact is, as we are assured by 

 Sonnerat, there are no Apes at all in Madagascar. 



It possesses so many intimate relations to the following species, (3) 

 that Buffbn and Pennant confounded them together under the common 

 names of Maogabey and White Eyelid Monkey. Yet their differences, 

 slight as these may be considered by some, are found to be so invariably 

 the same in numerous individuals, that we cannot hesitate to pronounce 

 them distinct species. Their variations, it will be remarked, are chiefly 

 in the colours of the head and neck. 



The height of the Collared Mangabey Guenon is about a foot and a 

 half, being rather less than that of the species next to be described. Its 

 hair is very long and soft to the touch. The first incisor of the upper jaw 

 being very broad, renders its grin at once obvious and pecuUar. It may 

 be readily distinguished from the other White-eyelid Monkey by the 

 bright chestnut-brown on the upper surface of its head, and the collar of 

 pure white crossing the fore-part of its neck, and including the large bushy 

 cheek-tufts, which extend backwards, beneath and behind the ears. 



3. CERCOPITHECUS FULIGINOSUS.- 



MANGABEY GUENON. 



-COLLARLESS 



Syn- Le Mangabey sans collier. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. L 91. 



Cercocebus FULIGINOSUS Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 



SliMIA FULIGINOSA Fisch. Syn. Mam. 24. 



Cercoceel's CYNOMOLGUS Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 



White eyelid Monkey Penn. Quadr. p. 204 Shaw, Gen. Zool. I. 



Icon. Le Mangabey Audeb. Sing. — Buff. Hist. Nat. XIV. pi. 32. 



Mangabey femelle. — Geoff, et F. Cuv. Hist. Mam. 



specific characters. 



The Hair uniform slate-grey above ; whitish beneath ; black on the 

 backs of the hands. 



The Ey£-lids white. The Ears violet-grey. 

 Inhabits Congo and the Gold Coast. 



Buffon thought that this animal came from Madagascar, and be- 

 lieved it to be a variety of the preceding. 



Though one of the most common species of Guenons, it was a long 

 time before its native country was indicated with precision. Continually 

 in motion, it exhibits in captivity the most grotesque attitudes. The 

 males are chiefly remarkable for their agility, and enliven their motions 

 by a singular grin approaching to a laugh, at the same time showing their 

 incisors, which are always very large. They are constantly in the habit 

 of holding the tail turned forwards upon the back, and not elevated in 

 a semicircular form, as in most of the other Guenons. The length 

 from the muzzle to the insertion of the tail is about two feet; the height 

 from the shoulders to the palm about \^ feet. The .'emales are usually 

 more tranquil, and fonder of caresses than the males. " A I'epoqne 

 du rut, c'est-a-dire chaque mois, elles Sprouvent aux parties genitales un 

 gonflement considerable, qui, pres de I'anus est tres-large, et qui, apres 

 s'etre retreci tout-a-coup, descend vers la vulve et I'entoure. Alors on 

 voit paraitre une veritable menstruation." 



When in captivity, their docility is considerable. Audebert notices 

 one individual which danced on the tight rope, holding a balance-pole in 

 its hands ; took up a book, placed it on a table, and turned over the 

 leaves with much ease, making grimaces at it as though it contained some 

 provoking intelligence. The same writer significantly remarks, " On 

 sent que le fouet du maitre jouoit ici un grand role." 



The muzzle is thick and projecting; the circle round the eyes promi- 

 nent. The f.ice varies in colour, sometimes being of a deep flesh-co- 

 loured tint: sometimes blackish on the fore part of the muzzle, and the 

 remainder copper-coloured. Above the eyelids there is constantly a 

 white band in the form of a crescent, very striking ; there are coarse hairs 

 on each side of the nose, and others stiff and bristly on the lower part of 

 the forehead just above the nose. The ears are naked, violet-coloured, 

 without margin, and slightly folded back at their extremities. The hairs 

 of the cheek-tufts are directed backwards, whitisli, with a grey band. 

 The hair of the entire upper part of the body as well as of the tail is a 

 slate-grey, with a slight tinge of yellow upon the head; that of the 

 throat, breast, belly, and the interior of the limbs, of a greyish-white. 

 The extremities of the limbs, from the fore-arm in front, and from the 

 heel behind, are of a deep black. The tips of the fingers are very thick, 

 especially of the thumb ; and the nails are flat. 



4. CERCOPITHECUS SABiEUS.— GREEN GUENON. 

 Syn. Le Callitriche.' — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 91. 



Cebcocebus SABiEUS — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 



CERCOPITHECUS SAB.a;as — Desm. Mam. p. 61. 



SimA SABJiA. — Linn. Gmel. p. 32 — Fisch. Syn. Mam. 21. 



Green Monkey Penn. Syn. 113 — Quadr. p. 203 — Shaw, Gen. Zool. 



I. 42 

 Icon. Callitriche male. — Geoff, et F. Cuv. Hist. Mam. 



Le Callitriche Audeb. Sing. — Menag. du Mus.^ — Buff; Hist. Nat. 



XIV. pi. 37. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair yellowish-green above, tending to a grey upon the limbs ; 

 whitish beneath; the cheek-tufts and the tip of the tail yellowish. 



The Face black. The Scrotum greenish ; surrounded with yellow 

 hair. 



Inhabits Senegal. 



The Green Guenon possesses many points of resemblance to the Mal- 

 brouck (5). It is one of the most beautiful of the Monkey tribe, its hair 

 bein" disposed in alternate rings of black and yellow, which, by combining. 



1 By the term above, we understand all the superior and ezterior parts of the body, such as the shoulders, back, sides, arms, and fore-arms, thighs and legs, feet ai.d 

 tail ; by the term beneath, all the inferior and interior parts of the body, such as the neck, breast, belly, and the mner surfaces of all the limbs. 



■' The name of Callithrix is assigned by Pliny (1. VIII. c. 54) to an Ape of Ethiopia, furnished with a beard and a bushy tail, probably the Ooanderoo. Butfon applied 

 it arbitrarily to the above species Note of the Baron Cnvier. . . /loni ^ 



3 MgNAG. DC Mus. -La Menagerie du iMuseum National d'Histoire Naturelle, par les Citoyens Lacepede et Cuvier. Pans — An. X — (I80I.; 



39 



