154 



ORDER QUADRUMANA— GENUS CERCOPITHECUS. 



give it, wh^n viewed at a certain distance, tlie appearance of a bright 

 green. This tint, so unusual among Mammiferons animals, probably in- 

 duced Buftbn to apply the term Callithrix (signifying beautiful hair) to 

 this animal. 



We know little regarding the habits of the Green Guenons when in the 

 wild state, excepting the short notice of Adanson. They keep together 

 in troops, most frequently on trees, niaintain a profound silence, and 

 would pass unnoticed, were it not for the branches which tliey break and 

 throw down on the passenger. In places where Man does not often 

 penetrate, they do not fear him; and, though some fall down mortally 

 wounded, the remainder do not take flight on that account. 



In confinement they are not easily tamed. One individual in the Paris 

 Menagerie always continued ferocious. " Les femraes lui causaient une 

 fureur d'une autre espece, qu'il temoignait de la maniere la plus brutale." 

 His voice was a kind of growl, commencing in a grave and ending in an 

 acute tone, resembling that of the Baboons, but not so loud. F. Cuvier 

 describes it by the syllable gi-ou. Most frequently it remained seated, 

 with the eyes closed. Its colour became deepj-r in winter, and the hair 

 of the breast and belly fell ofl^in large quantities during summer, so as to 

 leave them almost bare. 



Its body, though slender, approaches in form to that of the Malbrouck 

 Guenon. The head is pyramidal, the muzzle elongated ; the upper part 

 of the orbits low in front, projecting greatly just above the nose; the 

 e:iis large, rounder than in the Malbrouck Guenon. The hair on the 

 upper part of the body of a yellowish-green, as already described ; the 

 external surface of the limbs more grey, the yellow hairs having nearly 

 disappeared. The lower parts of the body, and the internal surfaces of 

 the limbs, beneath the cheek, throat, and neck, are of a yellowish white. 

 The colour of the back is continued on the upper side of the tail to its 

 extremity, which is ornamented by a long pencil of yellow hairs. The 

 face, ears, and hands, are black ; the cheek-tufts yellowish, with the 

 hairs directed backwards, and dispersed so as to form a kind of ruff. The 

 skin of the scrotum is greenish, and surrounded with yellow hairs. 



5. CERCOPITHECUS FAUNUS MALBROUCK GUENON. 



Sijn. Le Malbrouc. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 92. 



CERCOPITHECUS CYNOSuiius. — GeofF. Ann. Mus. XIX. 



DOG-TAH-ED Monkey. — Shaw, Gen. Zool. I. 1, p- .32. 



SiMiA Faunus.' — Linn. Gtnel. I. p. 31. 



SiMiA cYNOsunos. — Fisch. Syn. Mam. 22. 

 lean. Malbrouck. — Geoff, et F. Cuv. Hist. Mam. 



Le Callitriche var. A. — Audeb. Sing.— Buff. Hist. Nat. XIV. pi. 29, 

 copied in Schreb. Saiigth. pi. XIV. C. 



Simla Cynosures. — Scopoli, Delicise Floras, et Faunas Insubr. I. pi. 19. 



SPECIFIC CHAliACiKllS. 



The Hair greenish-grey above, ash-coloured beneath and on the 

 limbs ; no yellow on the tail ; a white band above the eye ; tufts of 

 white hair on each side of the face. 



The Face black, flesh-coloured round the eyes. 



The Scrotum bright ultramarine. 



The Callosities bright red. 



Inhabits 



This animal is said to inhabit the forests of Bengal. If this be true, 

 which has not yet been satisfactorily proved, it forms a remarkable ex- 

 ception to the other Guenons, which are all confined to Africa. Its agility 

 is extreme, but it seldom permits its voice to be heard, which is at best but 

 a feeble or sharp cry, or a low growl. The males when young are tolerably 

 docile, but become exceedingly unmanageable when arrived at the adult 

 period of life; the females continue mild, and seem susceptible of some 

 attachment. The irritability of the males, though excessive, is always 

 tempered by a certain degree of caution ; they are fond of attacking an 

 enemy from behind with their teeth and nails, darting oft immediately 

 before he can turn, but not losing sight of him so as to prepare for a new 

 sally. They use their hands with much address, seizing the smallest ob- 

 jects between the thumb and first finger, notwithstanding the shortness of 

 the former. The rind of fruits and roots is carefully peeled off' with their 

 teeth, and they smell over every object before tasting it. They drink by 

 supping up. 



Their ears are similar to ours, but without the helices. " Les males 

 paraissent toujours disposes a I'accouplement. Les femelles ont I'ou- 

 verture du vagin tres simple, avec un clitoris fort petit." In general, it 

 would appear that these Guenons are less disposed to breed in confine- 

 ment than the Apes of most other genera. The remarkable colour of the 

 scrotum is the most striking characteristic of the Malbrouck Guenon. 



Its body, unlike the other Guenons, is strong and muscular; its head 

 tolerably large, and pyramidal ; its muzzle projecting ; and its lips very 



extensible. The upper part of the body is generally of a greenish "rer, 

 resulting from the mixture of alternate hairs with yellow and black tips ; 

 tlie lower parts of the body and beneath the tail are grey from tlie mix- 

 ture of hairs tipped with white and black- All the hairs are, how- 

 ever, grey at their base. The hairs on the sides of the cheeks are very 

 long, and directed backwards, forming very prominent cheek-tufts ; the 

 muzzle is black, flesh-coloured around the eyes, the latter character beint; 

 more perceptible in the young than in the adults ; the ears and palms of 

 the hands are black ; the callosities very red, especially at periodical sea- 

 sons ; the scrotum very voluminous, of a bright ultramarine, within which 

 the penis is almost concealed. 



6. CERCOPITHECUS ERYTHROPYGUS.^— VERVET GUENON. 



Si/n. Le Vervet Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 92. 



CERCOPITHECUS Pygerythr^us Desm. Mam. Suppl. p. oSi. 



SliMi/v PYGERYTHRA. — Fisih. Syn. Mam. 



CERCOPITHECUS PusiLLUS.- Desmoulin in Diet. Clas. d'llist. Nat. VII. 568. 

 Icon. Vervet male Geoff, et F. Cuv. Hist. Mam. 



SPECIFIC CHAllACTERS. 



The Hair greyish-green above, white beneath, red around the anus, 

 black on the point of the tail. 



The Scrotum greenish, surrounded by white hair. , 

 Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. 



This animal differs from the Malbrouck Guenon in having its 

 scrotum [greenish] surrounded with white hair, and red hair near 

 the anus. 



It possesses many points of general resemblance to the Guenons with 

 greenish hair, already described (4) and (5). M. Lalande brouglit seve- 

 ral specimens to Europe from the Cape of Good Hope, in the forests 

 of which he found them very plentiful, without meeting with any of the 

 others, which tends to confirm the idea that it forms a distinct species. 

 It is found only in the woods remote from the colony. 



Its face and ears are black, flesh-coloured around tlie eyes, a very pro- 

 minent band of white hair across the forehead, the clieek-tufts white, 

 the upper part of the body greyish-green, changing into a grey upon the 

 limbs ; the scrotum of a very brilliant green ; the arms surrounded with 

 hairs of a deep-red ; all the liands black from the joints of the heels and 

 wrists, and the tip of the tail black. 



7. CERCOPITHECUS GRISEO-VIRIDIS GRIVET GUENON. 



Syn. Le Grivet Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 92. 



CERCOPITHECUS GRISEO-VIRIDIS. — Desm. Mam. p. 61. 



SiMiA suEViRLDis. — F. Cuv. in Diet, des Sc. Nat. XX. p. 26 Fisch. 



Syn. Mam. 

 Icon. Grivet male Geoff, et F. Cuv. Hist. Mam. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTEHS. 



The Hair greenish above, excepting the limbs and tail, which are 

 grev ; white beneath, also the tufts of the cheeks. 



The Scrotum bright green, surrounded with bright yellow hair. 

 Inhabits Nubia. 



The green scrotum surrounded with yellow hair serves to dis- 

 tinguish this animal from the Malbrouck Guenon. 



It possesses a strong general resemblance to the other Green Guenoi.s 

 in size and general proportions. According to Cailliaud, it is found in 

 the forests of Nubia. 



The upper parts of its body are of a dingy green, resulting from annu- 

 lated hairs of dark grey and bright yellow ; the hairs en the thighs are 

 similar, but with very little yellow ; the hair on the backs of the hands 

 marked with alternate rings of grey and white. The cheek-tufts, as wefl 

 as a band over the eyes, are white ; the face, the ears, and the palms of 

 all the hands, of a violet-black; the circle round the eyes flesh-coloured. 

 There are a few scattered hairs, like bristles, on the superciliary ridge 

 between the eyes. 



It has the savage disposition of all the larger kinds of Guenons, and 

 bears that strong specific affinity to the Malbrouck and Green Guenons 

 which seems to indicate the transition from the one form to the other. 

 It resembles the Malbrouck in the general colours of the hair, but dif- 

 fers from It in the shape of the head, which is not so round ; in the co- 

 lour of the scrotum, which is of a bright green instead of ultramarine ; and 

 in that of the hairs surrounding these parts being white in the Malbrouck, 

 and bright yellow in the Grivet. This appellation seems wholly acci- 

 dental and arbitrary, being the name to which the individual in the Paris 

 Menagerie used to answer when called. 



There is a strong general affinity among the Green, Malbrouck, Vervet, 

 and Grivet Guenons, which would constitute them a distinct group. 



I 



1 The CercopitliKus barbatvs of Clusius, which Litinffius quotes as an exarnile of his Famms, 

 ' Erythropygusjfrom e^v^Qn;, red, and ■Trvyij, anus. 



i rather an Ooanjeroo than a Jlalbrouck Sote of the Baron Cvvier. 



