158 



ORDER QUADRUMANA.— GENUS SEMNOPITHECUS. 



a snowy wliitcness, and terminating in a large tnft of liair. This animal 

 is rallier more than three feet in height when standing erect. Its limbs 

 are very slender. 



2. COLOBUS FEURUGINEUS.— BAY THUMBLESS-APE. 



Si/n. Slmia rERRL-GiNEA. — Sliaw, Gen. Zool Fisdi. Sj'ii. Mam. 



COLOEUS FERRUGi.s'OSUS Geoff. Ann. Miis. XIX -Dcsm. Mam. 



COLOEi's Temminckii. — Kulil Beitr D<.'sm. Mam. 



Bay Monkey Penn. Quadr. 



Icon- 



SPECiriC CHAKACTERS. 



The Hair dark bay on the back, light bay beneath and on the cheeks, 

 black on the top of the head, and on the limbs. 

 The Tail black. 

 Inhabit.s Sierra Leone. 



This animal, first described by Pennant along with the preceding, was 

 conjectured by Buffon, Lucepede, and Desmarest, to be merely a variety 

 of the Royal TImmbless-Ape (1) ; its specific reality has, however, been 

 recently proved by M. Temminck, as well as its identity with Colobus 

 Temminckii. 



3. COLOBUS RUPPELH.— MANTLED THUMBLESS-APE. 



Syn. et Icon. Colobus Gueheza. — Rupp. Neue VVirbelth.' 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair of the body, face, top and hinder part of the head and 

 limbs, black ; the chin, neck, side of the head, and margin of the forehead, 

 ■white ; a mantle of long white hair, hanging from the shoulders, sides, 

 and crupper, covering the thorax, loins, and thighs. 



The Tail with the first half black, ending in a long white tuft. 



The Callosities black, edged with white. 



LviiABiTS Abyssinia. 



The Mantled Colobus^ is found in small families on the loftiest trees 

 usually in the neighbourhood of running water. It is active, lively, and 

 taciturn, generally of a harmless disposition, and not inflicting those de- 

 predations upon the cultivated fields so common among the other Apes. 

 Its food consists of fruits, grain, and insects ; during the whole day, it 

 is occupied in seeking its food, at night it sleeps on the trees. The 

 agility of this Ape is great. Ruppell witnessed downward leaps of forty 

 feet in height The Thumbless- Ape of Abysinia is found only in the low 

 grounds of the Provinces of Godjam, Kulla, and especially in Damot. The 

 natives of the last named place hunt these animals regularly at stated 

 periods, and the singular mantle is considered among them as a mark 

 of distinction, and worn as an ornament upon iheir leathern bucklers. 

 Gnerezaisthe name by which this Ape is known to the Abyssinians. 



The face, eyes, top of the head, neck, the interscapular region, 

 shoulders, breast, abdomen, the first half of the tail, the limbs, and feel, are 

 of a beautiful velvet black. The edge of the forehead, the temporal 

 region, the side of the neck, chin, and throat, are of a snowy whiteness, as 

 is also the singular mantle composed of long silky hairs, extending from 

 the shoulders and sides of the body upon the chest, abdomen, and 

 haunches. There is likewise a white margin round the black callosities 

 of the buttocks. The hinder half of the tail is very bushy and white. 

 Each hair is marked with several grey rings, which gives it a silvery grey 

 appearance. On the hands and face, white hairs are mixed upon a dark 

 ground. The hair above the head is long and soft to the touch ; the 

 white hair on the sides of the body, forming the mantle, is more than a 

 foot in length. The callosities, the soles of the feet, and nails, are black ; 

 each nail is rather long, convex, and compressed. The colours of the 

 sexes or of the young do not vary ; but in the young females, the 

 hair of their mantle is rather shorter. The length of the adult from the 

 point of the nose to the base of the tail is two feet and a half; and the 

 tail is as long as the body. 



IMAGINARY SPECIES. 



I. 0. Temminckii (Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX., and Desm. Mam.), rest- 

 ing upon a single specimen in Bullock's Museum, now in the possession of 

 M. Temminck, is identical with C. ferruginea according to the latter. 



GENUS VIL 



Syn. 



SEMNOPITHECUS.^— SOLEMxN-APES. 



-F. Cuv.4 Dents dcs Mam. p. 14.— Cuv. Reg. 



Les Semnopitheques.- 

 Anim. I. 9.3. 



Sehnopithecus. — Desm. Mam. Suppl Isid. Geoff, in Belang. Voy. 



IjASIOPYGA, and Cercopithpcus (in part) Illig. Prodr Desm. Mam. 



Pygathrix and Cehcopitheciis (in part). — GcotI'. Ann. Mus. XIX. 

 SiMIA (In part) Linn. Gmel. I Fiscli. Syn. Mam. 



GfNEI'.IC CHARACTERS. 



The Muzzle very short. The Nose scarcely projecting. 

 The Limes long. The Body slender and elongated. 

 The Tail very long. 



The Hands pentadactylous ; the anterior narrow and very long, with 

 the anterior thumbs very short. 

 The Callosities always present. 



The Cheek-pouches rudimentary or altogether wanting. 

 The Hair very long and abundant. 

 The Last Molar of the lower jaw with five tuhprcles. 

 Lnhaeit the East Indies. 



The So!emn-Apes differ from the Guenons in having a small ad- 

 ditional tubercle in the last molar tooth of the lower jaw. They 

 are peculiar to the Oriental countries, while their elongated limbs, 

 and especially their very long tail, give them a singular air. Their 

 muzzle scarcely projects more than in the Gibbons, and they are 

 equally provided with callosities. Further, they appear to be abnost 

 destitute of cheek pouches. Their larynx is supplied with a sac. 



Eleven species* compose this natural group, first instituted by M. Fre- 

 deric Cuvier, after a careful examination of the Entellus Solemn-Ape (2). 



The dentition of all the species has not yet been carefully verified. 

 That of the Negro Solemn-Ape (.5) exhibits the following peculiarities; 

 In the upper jaw, the first two incisors are nearly of the same size and 

 form. The canine following them immediately afterwards is slightly 

 longer, terminating in a point, and presenting on its internal border a 

 strong worn-down surface, which renders its margins trenchant in some 

 degree. The first and second firlse molars usually exhibit a point on their 

 external and an oblique plane on their internal surface. The three fol- 

 lowing molars are each conjposed of four tubercles formed by a very deep 

 transverse furrow, and a longitudinal furrow which is less deep than the 

 former, and cuts it at right angles. These three teeth are nearly of the 

 same size. In the lower jaw, the two incisors are similar to, though 

 slightly broader than, those of the opjiosite jaw. The canine is pointed 

 and slightly stronger than the opposite one, and also presents a single 

 oblique plane on its internal surface. 1 he first false molar is usually 

 composed of a single obtuse point, though' sometimes we may remark a 

 small heel behind the point. The second false molar resembles the first, 

 its crown being merely somewhat flatter. Of the two real molars which 

 follow, the first is the smaller, and both of them are composed of four tu- 

 bercles, resembling those in the opposite jaw, already described. Lastly, 

 the third molar, which is the largest, besides its four tubercles, has a fifth, 

 in the form of a heel at the hindermost part. 



The Solemn-Apes are remarkable for mildness of disposition, great 

 intelligence, and a slowness of motion quite opposed to the vivacity and 

 petulance of the Guenons. It is in India, and chiefly in the islands of 

 the Indian Archipelago, that these animals are found in great numbers. 

 They are treated by the natives with a kind of religious veneration, which 

 they probably owe to the mildness of their manners and the gravity of 

 their deportment. Some of the animals composing this genus have been 

 for a long time confounded with the Guenons ; but the most of them ar 

 only very recently discovered. The anatomical investigations of Dr A. 

 W. Otto (Nov. Act. Acad. Cur. XII.)* have proved that in one species 

 at least (9) the stomach is more than three times as large as in the Gue- 

 nons, and that it differs from theirs equally in its structure, its form, and 

 volume. The left portion forms a broad cavity, while the right is nar- 

 row, and convoluted so as perfectly to resemble an intestine, and the 

 entire organ is so very considerable, that its whole curvature measures 

 not less than two feet and three or four inches. It further resembles an 

 intestine from being fixed by two well marked muscular bands, one placed 

 along each portion, and as these bands are much narrower than the stomach 

 itself, the walls of that organ usually expand and form, as in the colon, an 



^ Rifpp. Neue Wirbelth Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehorig, von Dr Edward Ruppell. Frankfurt am Main, 1S37. 



2 Ludolphius (^thiop, I. c. 10) notices this Ape under the title of " Aninialculura e genere eorum, quEe Hoilandi Sanguinera voeant." His indifferent figure is erro- 

 neously referred by Erxlebrn (Syst. p. 57) to the Hapale Jacchus Salt appears to have seen a fragment of the Skin (Travels in Abyssinis, Appendix, p. 41) ; and Bennett 



mistook it for the Colobus comatus. 



3 Semnopithecus, from asf^vog, semnos, solemn, and Trt^ri^, pithex, an ape. 



^ F. Cuv. Dents des j\1am Des dents des iMammiferes considerees camme caracteres Zooloo-iques, par M. F. Cuvier. Strasbourg et Paris, 1825. 



s Only six species, in addition to Nasabs larvatus, were known to the Baron Cuvier. Temminck admits the number stated m the text. The lists of British System- 

 atic writers are vei-y defective in respect to this genus, in no instance extending beyond six species. 



s Nov. Act. Acad. Cur — Nova Acta Phjsico-Mcdica Academic Cassareie Lcopoldlno-Carolinffi NaturiE Curlosorum — 1757 et seq. Dr Otto's Memoir will be found 

 in Vol. XII. published in 1825. 



