160 



ORDER QUADRUMANA— GENUS SEMNOPITHECUS. 



4. SEMNOPITHECUS COMATUS.— CRESTED SOLEMN-APE. 



Syn. Le Ckoo.' — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 94.- 



SmiA cnisTATA (Chingkau). — Raffles, in Linn. Trans. XIIL 244. 



Presbytis JUTKAT A. — Eschscholz, in Kotzeb. Voy. IIL p. 353. 



SiMIACOMATA Fiseh. Syn. Mara. 



Icon. Croo F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 



SPECIFIC CHABACTEKS. 

 THE ADULT. 



The Hair of the body iron-grey above ; white beneath, and along the 

 under surface of the tail ; long black hairs, forming an elevated crest, on 

 the top of the head. 



THE YOUNG. 



The Hair of a reddish fawn colour. 



Inhabits Sumatra. 



The Crested Solemn- Ape, which is identical, according to Temminck, 

 •with the Presbytis mitrata described in Kotzebue's Voyages, occurs fre- 

 quently in the forests near Bencoolen, in the Island of Sumatra. It is 

 about two feet in length, and fourteen inches in height, when standing on 

 its four hands ; the tail is nearlj' two feet and a half. The hairs of the 

 crest are long, and diverge round the face. The colour of ,the young 

 animal contrasts remarkably with that of the adult, being of a reddish 

 fawn. 



There is a variety of this species with the hair light grey, or whitish, 

 called Chingkau Puti by the natives. 



5. SEMNOPITHECUS MAURUS NEGRO SOLEMN-APE. 



Syn. Le Tchincou. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 94. 



Simia Maura (Lotong).^— Raffles, in Linn. Trans. XIII. — Linn. Gmel. 

 I. 39 Fisch. Syn. Mam. 



Cercopithecus Maurus. — GeofF. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm. Mam. 



SEMNOPITHECUS PRUiNOSUs. — Desm. Mam. Suppl. 



Negro Monkey Penn. Quadr. — Shaw, Gen. Zool. , 



Icon. Tchincou F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 



SEMNOPITHECUS Maurus. — Horsf. Zool. Jav. 



Black Monkey. — Edw. Glean, pi. 311. 



SPECIETC CHARACTERS. 

 THE ADULT. 



The Hair black, sometimes with a white spot beneath the origin of 

 the tail. 



THE YOUNG. 



The Hair entirely reddish-brown ; afterwards varied with black spots. 

 Inhabits Sumatra and Java. 



This animal has long been known under the name of La Guenon 

 Maure, by which BufFon distinguished it (Suppl. VII.), and was suppos- 

 ed by him to have come from Guinea. The hair, which is uniformly 

 black in the adults, is very scanty ort all the inferior parts of the body, 

 and especially on the abdomen. The ears and face are naked, excepting 

 the hps and sides of the mouth, where some white hairs may be observed ; 

 the colour of the skin is blueish. The hair on the hands is scanty, the 

 skin of the hands and callosities black. The iris of the eye is of a 

 bright orange-yellow. The hair diverges from the crown of the head, so 

 as to project over the forehead in front, and to form a kind of crest be- 

 hind. According to Raffles, it is not easily tamed. 



The young, instead of being black, are at first reddish-brown, and it is 

 not until they have cast their hair that they gradually assume the daik 

 hue of the adult. 



6. 



SEMNOPITHECUS FLAVIMANUS YELLOW-HANDED 



SOLEMN-APE. 



Syn. Le SemnOPitheque aux mains JAUNEs._Isid. Geoff, in Belang. Voy. 

 Icon. SEMNOPITHECUS FLAVIMANUS. — Less.'' Cent. Zool. pi. 40. 



specific characters. 



The Hair reddish-brown above, white beneath ; a tuft of long grey 

 hairs above, and on the back of the head ; hands of a clear yellow. 



Inhabits Sumatra. 



In form this Solemn-Ape approaches nearly to the Simpai (3), but is 

 sufficiently well characterized by the colour of the hands. The upper 

 part of the body is of a clear reddish-brown in which black hairs are in- 

 termixed ; the dark hairs are much less abundant on the sides, and con- 

 sequently the reddish tint becomes much more pure. The inner surface 

 of the arms is of the same whitish tint as the under part of the body i and 

 tlie under surface of the tail is white throughout the first quarter of its 



length, and afterwards reddish, which is the colour of the entire upper 

 surface. The external regions of the hinder limbs, of the fore-arms and 

 hands, are of a fine deep gold-yellow, inclining to red upon the thighs 

 and fore-arms, and very pale upon the fingers. The internal surface of 

 the limbs, beneath the body and head, as well as the very lung hairs which 

 cross the hinder surface of the cheeks, are white. 



This animal is of the same dimensions as the Simpai, but its tail is 

 longer. It has the same remaikable tuft on the head as S. melalophus 

 and S. comatus, but tlie forehead, and sides of the head, as far as the 

 ears, are covered with hairs of the ordinary length, of a bright gold-yel- 

 low, inclining to red. The hairs in the middle of the crest are, on the 

 contrary, very long, and form a kind of compressed cap. In S. melalo- 

 phus the crest is black, while it is of a dirty white in S. flavimanus, with 

 the exception of the anterior part, which is blackish. 



The face appears to be blackish, the eyelids white, and the nails brown- 

 ish. 



The specimen, first described by Isidore- Geoffroy and figured by Les- 

 son, was sent from Sumatra by Diard and Duvaucel. 



7. SEMNOPITHECUS FASCICULARIS.— KRA SOLEMN-APE. 



Syn. SiJOA FASCICULARIS (Kra) Raffles, in Linn. Trans. XIU. 24G. 



Icon. 



specific CHARACTERS. 



The Hair of the back and upper, part of tue head reddish-brown ; the 

 tail and sides of the body grey ; lighter beneath, and on the limbs. 

 The Face brown, covered with short grey hairs. 

 Inhabits Sumatra and the Malay Islands. 



These animals, for our knowledge of which we are indebted to Sir T. 

 Stamford Raffles, occur very frequently in the forests of the Malay Islands 

 in large companies. Their name is derived from their cry ; they are not 

 easily tamed. 



The body is about twenty inches in length, and the tail rather more. 

 The cheeks are furnished with light grey tufts much longer than the 

 beard. The eyelids, particularly the upper ones, are white ; the eyes 

 are brown, the eyebrows prominent, and the muzzle projecting. The 

 nose is prominent between the eyes and flat at its point, where the nos- 

 trils open obliquely some way above the lip. The ears are rather round, 

 and pointed obtusely behind. 



A whiter variety, with a reddish shade on the back, is distinguished by 

 the natives. 



A smaller animal, probably the young of the Kra, is called Kra Buku 

 by the natives. It agrees in most respects with the Kra, but is not more 

 than a foot in length, and occurs very commonly. The head has very 

 little hair on the temples, and it wants the circle round the (ace. 



8. SEMNOPITHECUS CUCULLATUS HOODED SOLEMN-APE. 



Syn. Le Semnopitheque a capuchon.— Isid. Geoff, in Belang. Voy. 

 Icon. Belang. Voy. pi. 1. (Marnmiferes.) 



specific characters. 



The Hair of the body dark-brown ; of the limbs and tail, black ; of 

 the head, light brown. 



The Tail very long. 



Inhabits Hindoostan. 



This Ape was discovered by M. Leschenault de la Tour, in the moun- 

 tains of the Ghauts. Subsequently M. Belanger found several individuals 

 in the western Ghauts, and Dussumier brought some specimens irom 

 Bombay to the Paris Museum. 



The upper part and sides of the head, as well as the throat, are yel- 

 lowish-brown, and, by their clear tint, contrast remarkably with the re- 

 mainder of the hair, which is dark-brown on the flanks, loins, and thighs ; 

 blackish on the medial line of the back, and on the thighs, legs, and arms ; 

 while the fore-arms, all the hands, and the tail, are pure black. Beneath 

 the body, and on the internal surface of the arms and thighs, the hair is 

 scanty. The nails are black. The face is mostly naked, as in the other 

 Solemn-Apes, and surrounded by a circle of black bristles, stiff", and to- 

 lerably long. On the sides of the face, tljese bristles are not numerous, 

 and point outwards ; while on the forehead the bristles are very abundant, 

 and are more or less directed upwards. This arrangement is found in 

 other Solemn- Apes, and remarkably so in the Entellus. The ears are 

 covered with black hairs, and strike the eye prominently in the middle of 

 the light-brown hairs of the remainder of the head. The length of this 

 animal is about two feet, and the tail is slightly shorter. 



1 The name Croo is given by the Malays indiscriminately to certain Apes of Sumatra belonging to the genera Maeacus and Semnopithecus, from their cries, 

 written Erro by Desmarest, and Crro by Desmoulins, but both of these appear to be typographical errors. 



2 There is some variation in respect to these Malayan names. Raffles calls the S. comatus Chingkau, and the S. maurus, Lotong. — Note of the Baron Cmier. 

 must remark, however, that Raffles always gives the Malayan characters, and he is certainly the best authority. 



' Less,. Cent. Zool Centurie Zoologique, ou Choix d'Animaux Rares. Par R. P. Lesson. Paris, 1830. 



It is 



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