GENUS MACACUS. 



161 



9. SEMNOPITHECUS LEUCOPRYMNUS — OTTO'S SOLEMN- 

 APE. 



Sun. Le SEMNOPrrHEQtiE aux fesses blanches. — Isid. Geoff, in Belang. Voy. 



CERCOPrrHECUS latiearbatus Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm. 



Mam. 



TcoB. Cercopithecus (?) lehcoprymnus Otto in Nov. Act. Acad. Cur. XII. 



pi. 46 bis. — pi. 47 (skull and stomach). 

 Purple-Faced Monkey Penn. Quadr. pi. 43, fig. 2. 



SPECIFIC characters. 



The Hair blackish above ; dark brown beneath ; top of the head and 

 neck brown ; throat, under part of the neck, and hinder parts of the 

 cheeks, yellowish-grey ; a triangular whitish patch behind ; tail whitish. 



Inhabits Ceylon. 



The animals belonging to this species are said by Pennant to be very 

 harmless, feeding on leaves, or buds of trees, and soon becoming tame. 

 We are indebted to Dr Otto for an excellent figure, accompanied by a 

 most minute description of the anatomical structure, and especially of tlie 

 remarkable jieculiarities of the stomach, which have already been noticed 

 in our general observations upon the Genus Semnopithecus. 



The length of the animal is about one foot, eight Inches, and of the tail 

 about a foot and a half; the forehead is broad, and tlie snout projects but 

 slightly, the facial angle being rather more than 60°. The fingers and toes 

 are remarkably slender, and the abdomen appears of very small dimensions. 

 The upper part of the head and neck is of a deep brown ; the body and 

 limbs black ; the internal surface of the limbs and the under part of the 

 body passing to a blackisli brown ; the tliroat, under part of tlie neck, 

 and hinder part of the cheeks, are covered with long hair of a yellowish- 

 grey; the tail is whitish in the adult. A large triangular patch of grey- 

 ish-white, commencing on the medial line of the back, about four inches 

 above the origin of the tail, covers the entire of the buttocks, and the 

 upper part of the thighs. 



A young specimen, brought from Ceylon by M. Leschenault de la 

 Tour, has lately been added to the Paris Museum. 



10. SEMNOPITHECUS VELLEROSUS.— LONG-HAIRED 

 SOLEMN-APE. 



Syn. Le SEMNOprrHEQUE a fourrube Isid. Geoff, in B6lang. Voy. 



Icon. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair of the body black, and very long on the back and sides ; 

 throat, side of the head, and tail, yellowish-white ; a large grey spot on 

 the buttocks, and on each side near the origin of the tail ; the tail whitish. 



Inhabits 



This species, described by Isidore Geoffrey, is of the same size as the 

 Cochin-China Solemn- Ape (1), but very nearly allied both in form and 

 colour to Otto's Solemn- Ape (9). The hair of the limbs and tail is rather 

 short, that of the head is slightly longer, but on the upper part of the 

 body and on the sides it attains the unusual length of five, six, and seven 

 inches. All these hairs are smooth, recumbent, and directed backwards ; 

 those beneath the body, on the contrary, are slightly frizzled, and disposed 

 very irregularly. 



The body, limbs, and upper part of the head, are of a brilliant black. 

 The throat and lower part of the neck, on the contrary, are covered with 

 hair of a dirty white ; but on each side, on the hinder and internal part 

 of the thigh and on the buttocks, we find a large spot of clear grey, pass- 

 ing to a yellow, round the callosities. The hairs composing this spot 

 are mostly of a greyish-white, but a great many black hairs are interspers- 

 ed. The tail is entirely white. 



The above description was obtained from a skin, purchased by Delalande 

 in the Brazils, where it had in all probability been transported from the 

 East Indiah Archipelago. Its mutilated state did not permit the colours 

 of the face, hands, fore-arms, and lower part of the legs, to be accurately 

 described. 



11. SEMNOPITHECUS AURATUS.— GOLDEN SOLEMN-APE. 



Syn. Cercopithecus auratus — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX Desm. Mam. 



SiMIA aurata Fisch. Syn. Mam. 



Icon. Semnopithecus Pybrhus Horsf. Zool. Jav. 



SPECIFIC characters. 



Thc Hair of a uniform golden-yellow above, paler beneath. 

 Inhabits Java and the Molucca Islands. 



This animal, called Liitung by the Javanese, agrees with the Negro 

 Solemn-Ape (5) in all respects excepting colour. The tint extending 

 over the upper parts of the animal, and over the exterior of the Hmbs, is 



essentially diflferent from the fulvous tint in the young of the S. Maurus 

 before the change of colour to black takes place. The hair is long, soft, 

 and silky ; reddish-brown, with a beautiful golden gloss on the back, head, 

 tail, and extremities, varying slightly in its degree of intensity as it ap- 

 proaches the sides and forehead ; beneath and along the interior of the 

 extremities it is pale yellowish, with a golden lustre. The long, shaggy 

 and thickly disposed hair, which covers the upper parts, is separated by 

 a regular boundary stretching along the hypochondriac region, from the 

 hair on the abdomen, which is very thickly disposed, curled, silky, and 

 of a very delicate texture. 



The specimen described by Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire under the name of 

 Cercopithecus auraius, appears to have over the knee-pan a black spot, 

 which is wanting in the Javanese specimen illustrated by Dr Horsfield. 



imaginary species. 



1. S. Edwardsii (Fisch. Syn. Mam.), derived from the Middle-sized 

 Black Monkey, figured in Edwards' Gleanings, pi. 311, is probably iden- 

 tical with S. Maurus. 



2. S. folvo-griseus (Desmoulin, in Diet. Class. d'Hist. Nat.) is 

 founded, according to Isid. Geoffroy, upon two specimens, one of which 

 is a young S. leucaprymnus, and the other probably a S. comatus. 



GENUS Vlir. MACACUS — MACACOS. 



Syn. Les Macaques et Les Magots — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 94, 96. 



Macacos Lacepede Desm. Mam. — Isid. Geoff, in Belang. Voy. 



Cercocebus (in part), Inuus, Papio (in part). — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 



Sdua (in part) Linn. Gmel. — Fisch. Syn. Mam. 



GuENON (in part) Temm. Mon. Mam. 



generic characters. 



The Muzzle large and rather elongated. The Facial Angle about 

 40°. The Nose but slightly projecting. 



The Limes robust, of medium length. The Bony rather short and 

 thick. 



The Anterior Thumbs short. The Nails of the thumbs flat, the 

 remainder cylindrical. 



The Tail, varying in length, sometimes replaced by a simple tubercle. 



The Cheek-pouches and Callosities always present. 



The Hair generally abundant on the fore part of the body. 



The Last Molar of the upper jaw, with five, and of the lower jaw, 

 with six tubercles. 



Inhabit the East Indies, North of Africa, and the Rock of Gibral- 

 tar. 



The Macacos' resemble the Solemn-Apes in having additional tu- 

 bercles to their last molars, and the Guenons in their callosities and 

 cheek-pouches. Their limbs are thicker and shorter than those of the 

 first, their muzzle more prominent, and the superciliary ridges more 

 elevated than in either. Though tolerably docile in early youth, 

 they become intractable with age. They all have a sac which com- 

 municates with the larynx under the thyroid cartilage, and is filled 

 with air when they cry. The tail hangs down, and takes no part in 

 their movements. They produce at an early age, but are not com- 

 pletely adult until the ages of four or five years. The period of 

 their gestation lasts about seven months, and the females often have, 

 during the rutting season, " des enormes gonflemens aux parties 

 posterieures."^ The greater part of these animals are peculiar to 

 the East Indies. 



This group has been instituted to contain such Apes as have their 

 characters intermediate to those of the genera Cercopithecus and Cy- 

 nocephalus. It is by no means a well defined or rigorous division, bur, 

 blends insensibly into the characters of these adjacent groups. The facial 

 angle in some species becomes as low as 30°, in others above 40°. The 

 muzzle is shorter than that of the Cynocephali, and longer than that of 

 the Cercopitheci, yet the differences, which are considerable with some 

 species, become nearly evanescent in others. In respect to habits and 

 disposition, they are intimately connected with both genera, some of the 

 species being nearly as fierce, destructive, intractable, and lascivious as 

 the Baboons, while others, again, have the volatility and caprice of the 

 Guenons. 



The characters of their dentition do not differ materially from those of 

 the Guenons, already described, excepting in respect to the last molars. 

 In the upper jaw, the last molar is terminated by a very small unequal 

 tubercle, accompanied by several small dentations at its external surface. 

 The canine is rounded, and not flattened at its internal surface, and the 



1 The name Macaco is applied indiscriminately to all Monkejs by the Negroes on tlie coast of Guinea, and the slaves of the West Indian colonies. Blarcgravius de- 

 scribes a species with nares elatas bifidas, and these vague words, adopted solely after him, have remained as one of the characteristics of the Macaque of Buifon, although 

 nothing of the kind is to be seen Note of the Baron Cnvier. 



^ It was this circumstance which led ^Han to remark that Apes were to be seen in India, afflicted with pro?a/)s«s uteri. — Note of the Baron Cuvier. 

 41 



