162 



ORDER QUADRUMANA— GENUS MACACUS. 



external surface exhibits a strongly marked depression. In the lower jaw, 

 the heel of the last molar is composed of two tubercles, the external one, 

 equal in size to the one in front of it, and the internal much smaller. 

 These particulars were drawn from the examination of a M. Sinicus, and 

 they appear to belong equally to all the other species of the genera Ma- 

 cacus and Cynocephalus. 



The Macacos may be arranged in three sections, depending on the 

 length of the tail ; the Long-tailed Macacos (CercocebesJ ; the Short- 

 tailed Macacos (Maimons) ; and the Tail-less Macacos (Magots). 



(A.) Long-tailed Macacos. (Cercocebes.) 



The first section contains five species. These approach nearly to the 

 Guenons, and many authors have placed them in the same group ; others 

 have formed the genus Cercocebus by uniting them to some Guenons 

 with longer muzzles, and arranged them immediately after the Guenons. 

 Indeed, the Long-tailed Macacos bear much resemblance to the Guen- 

 ons in their general form. Their muzzle is shorter than in the other sec- 

 tions, the brain more voluminous, the body not so clumsy and massive, 

 the tail is as long or longer than the body, and some are rather mild in 

 their dispositions. 



1. MACACUS SINICDS CHINESE-BONNETED MACACO. 



Syn. Le Bonnet Chinois Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 95. 



SI^UA SiNiCA Linn. Gmel. I. Si Fiseh. Syn. Blam. 



Cercocebus Sinicus. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 98. 



BIacacus Sinicus. — Desm. Mam Isid. Geoff, in Belang. Voy. 



Icon. Le Bonnet Chinois Audeb. Sing Buff. Hist. Nat., Suppl. VII. pi. 



16. 



Bonnet Chinois — F. Cut. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 



specific characteks. 



The Hair of a bright gold-yellow above, white beneath ; the face 

 flesh-coloured ; the hair on the top of the head arranged in rays, forming 

 a kind of bonnet. 



Inhabits Bengal and Ceylon. 



The Chinese-Bonneted Monkey, so called from the manner in which 

 the hair diverges on the top of the head, displays the usual disposition of 

 the Guenons, exhibiting, when in confinement, a mixture of playfulness 

 and malice extremely amusing. It seems to share the religious veneration 

 of the Hindoos Ln common with many other Apes. 



All the upper parts of the body are of a brilliant gold-yellow, resulting 

 from hairs which are grey at the base, but covered with rings of black 

 and yellow through the rest of their length, in which, however, the yellow 

 rings predominate. The tail is slightly browner ; the cheek -tufts, the 

 inner surface of the limbs, the under part of the neck, the breast, and ab- 

 domen, are whitish ; the hands, feet, and ears, blackish, and its face flesh- 

 coloured ; the under-lip only is margined with black. The eyes are brown. 

 The hair of the head appears to hang down in long tufts, rather than to 

 compose a compact bonnet. In the young, this ornament is more divided, 

 and exactly resembles the hair of the next species, to which it is very 

 nearly allied. 



2. MACACUS RADIATUS RADIATED MACACO. 



St/n. Le Toque Cuv. Reg. Anira. I. 95. 



Cercocebus radiatus Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 98. 



Macacus RADIATUS. — Desm. Mam. 6i Isid. Geoff, in Belang. Voy. 



SijnA radiata Fisch. Syn. Mam. 



Icon. Le Bonnet Chinois. — Buff. Hist. Nat. XIV. pi. 30? 



Toque Male F. Cut. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 



specific characters. 



The Hair of the head and body greenish-brown above, white beneath ; 

 the limbs grey externally; the tail brownish or blackish above, white be- 

 neath. 



Inhabits the East Indies. 



This animal, which occurs most frequently on the Malabar Coast, is 

 remarkable for the singular form of its head and muzzle, and in these re- 

 spects differs remarkably from all other known Macacos. These have 

 the muzzle thick and clumsy, while in the Radiated Macaco it is thin 

 and narrow, and the forehead is naked and full of wrinkles. It is further 

 characterized " par la forme du gland de la verge. Chez les autres Ma- 

 caques cet organe est simplement [lyriforme ; chez les Toques, il se com- 

 pose de trois paities'^distinctes ; I'anterieure, qui est en forme de poire, et le 

 posterieure, foriuee de deux bourlets epais ; de sorte que, dans I'erection 

 la coupe longitudinale de ce gland presenterait la figure d'une feuille a 

 trois lobes, les deux lateraux arrondis, et le moyen allonge." 



The hair is silky, and of a greenish-grey, owing to the hairs, which are 

 grey at their innermost half, being divided throughout the remainder of 



their length by rings of black and dirty yellow. The diverging hairs on 

 the upper part of the head are not very long, but their radiated form is 

 constant in all the species hitherto examined. The skin of the hands 

 has a violet tinge, that of the face and all other naked parts is flesh-co- 

 loured. 



3. MACACUS CYNOMOLGUS COMMON MACACO. 



Syn. Le Macaque de Buffon Cut. Reg. Anim. I. 95. 



Cercocebus cynomolgus. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 



Macacus cynomolgcs Desm. Mam. 65. 



SiMiA CYNOMOLGUS. — Linn. Gmel. I. 31 Fisch. Syn. Mam. 



Macacus Irus F. Cut. in Mem. Mus.' IV. 



Icon. Macaque male, femelle adultc, jeune male, tete de femelle d'un jour. 

 — F. Cut. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 



Buff. Hist. Nat. XIV. pi. 30 Schreb. Saiigth. pi. 13. 



specific characters. 



The Hair greenish-brown, dotted with black above, whitish beneath ; 

 the tail blackish above, ash-coloured beneath. 

 Inhabits Sumatra and Java. 



Though wholly unacquainted with the peculiarities of the Common 

 Macaco in its wild state, we are fortunately in possession of many im- 

 portant facts, obtained by M. Frederic Cuvier, from the examination of 

 several living specimens of different ages and sexes, in the Paris Mena- 

 gerie. He was thus enabled to record the several phenomena of repro- 

 duction, as well as the changes which the young undergo from birth to 

 their mature age. 



The adult is rather more than one foot nine inches in length, and the 

 tail about one foot eight inches. Its entire form is heavy and clumsy, es- 

 pecially in the fore part of the body. The head is broad, flattened at the 

 vertex, and very strong in proportion ; the muzzle is short and obtuse, the 

 nose flat, and a strong crest, advancing over the eyelids, covers the eyes. 

 The fingers are united by a membrane as low as the second phalanx. 

 The colours of its coat arise from the intermixture of golden-yellow hair, 

 with black, over a greyish ground, from the combination of which it pre- 

 sents a general tint of pale greenish-brown ; all the inferior parts are of a 

 light grey, as well as the inner surface of the limbs. The tail is blackish, 

 the feet entirely black, the face flesh-coloured and almost naked. Be- 

 tween the eyes there is a spot much whiter than any of the surrounding 

 parts. The cheek-tufts are composed of short greenish hairs. The head is 

 destitute of any crest or hairy appendage, and the hairs lie flat with their 

 points direeted backwards, those of the cheeks are grey, scanty, and di- 

 rected forwards. The iris is brown. The parts of generation are flesh- 

 coloured, the gland pear-shaped, and the scrotum remarkably large. The 

 canine teeth are long and very strong. 



The female is considerably smaller than the male, being only about fif- 

 teen inches in length ; her form is more compact. The head is smaller, 

 and the superciliary crest, which entirely covers the eyelids, is not nearly 

 so prominent. The canine teeth are small, and do not pass beyond the 

 incisors, and this peculiarity is common to all the females of the genus. 

 The face is surrounded with long grey and straight hairs, giving it a 

 bristly appearance, of which the male is wholly deprived. The hair on 

 the top of the head is directed towards the medial line, and forms rather 

 an elevated crest, extending from the top of the forehead to the occiput. 

 In other respects the female entirely resembles the male. 



At birth, the head of the young Macaco is rather long in front, com- 

 pared to its dimensions from right to left; the muzzle projects, but the 

 forehead is straight. The skin is flesh-coloured, excepting between the 

 interval of the eyes, where it is white. All the hairs are black, and ap- 

 pear in greatest plenty on the upper parts of the body; the under parts 

 are nearly naked. The hair at the end of the tail appears long, and ter- 

 minates in a tuft. On the top of the head it extends from the medial 

 line, pointing obliquely backwards, and, finally uniting in the occiput, 

 forms a kind of crest. It has two pectoral maniniEe, the callosities are 

 prominent, but are not yet become hard. 



In the course of the first year, the muzzle gradually lengthens, and the 

 head becomes narrower, the superciliary crest being still wanting. The 

 incisives appear, and the first canine begins to protrude in the lower jaw. 

 After the first casting of the hair, the greenish liair of the adult succeeds, 

 excepting on the fore-part of the top of the head, and the face is not yet 

 surrounded with those thick hairs which afterwards appear. All its pro- 

 portions resemble those of the adult, and the interval separating the eyes 

 is always white. In the third year, the young male very much resembles 

 the adult female. 



The Common Macaco is one of the most untractable animals of the 

 genus, and yields with difficulty to the ordinary methods of taming. It 

 rests either on all the four hands, or upon the callosities, and eats in either 



I Meji. Mds. — Memoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, par les Profcsseurs de cet etablissement. Paris, 1816, et seq. 



