THE MACACOS. 



163 



of these positions by raising the food to the mouth with the fore-hands, 

 or by seizing it with the mouth itself. Before swallowing it always fills 

 the cheek-pouches, and it drinks by sucking up. When retiring to rest, 

 it sleeps on the side, with the limbs folded up, and the head between tlie 

 legs, or else in a sitting posture, with the back curved and the head rest- 

 ing upon the breast. Its voice is a hoarse cry, becoming very loud when 

 the animal is enraged, but when pleased it emits a soft kind of whistle. 

 The period of gestation in the female is seven months, " et ses parties de 

 la generation ne paraissent point entourees, a I'epoque du rut, de ces ex- 

 uberances si remarquables, et quelquefois si monstrueuses chez d'autres 

 especes de Macaques, de Babouins, et meme de Guenons. lis s'accou- 

 plent chaque jour trois ou quatre fois, a la maniere a-peu-pres de tous 

 les quadrupedes. Pour cet effet, le male empoignait la femelle aux talons, 

 avec les mains de des pieds de derriere, et aux epaules, avec ses mains 

 anterieures, et I'accouplement ne durait que deux ou trois secondes." 



Var. Aygula. — Egeet Macaco. 

 Syn. L' Aigrette. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 95. 



Cercocebus Ayglixa Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX, 



Icon. Buff. Hist. Nat. XIV. pi. 21 — Schreb. Saugth. pi. 22. 



L' Aigrette. — Audeb. Sing. 



The Egret Macaco (L' Aigrette), figured in Buffon, XIV. pi. 21, 

 appears to be merely a variety distinguished by a bunch of long 

 hair on the top of the head. 



There are two other varieties, the one with long and thick hair of a 

 deeper green, the other marked with black on several parts of the body. 



4. MACACUS AUREUS TAWNY MACACO. 



Syn. Tawny Monkey. — Penn. Quadr. I. 211. 



Le Macaque rodx-dor£ Isid. Geoff, in B^Iang. Voy. 



Icon. Belang. Voy. pi. 2. (Mammiferes). 



specific characters. 

 The Hair of the body orange-red, dotted with black above, tawny on 

 the sides, greyish beneath. 



Inhabits Bengal, Pegu, Java, and Sumatra. 



This animal was first noticed by Pennant, from a living specimen in 

 Brookes' exhibition ; lately, skins have been sent from the East Indies to 

 the Paris Museum by Leschenault, Renand, Duvaucel, and Diard, pro- 

 cured from the localities above-mentioned. It is very common in the 

 markets of Calcutta. 



In every respect excepting colour it greatly resembles the Common 

 Macaco, the greenish tint of the former being replaced by red. The up- 

 per part of the head and body is covered with hairs, grey at their base, 

 with the points annulated witli black and red, forming by their combina- 

 tion an orange-red, dotted with black. The limbs are greyish externally, 

 and white on their internal surface ; the under part of tlie body and under 

 surface of the tail are likewise white. The flanks are tawny, the red 

 blending insensiblj' into grey. The cheeks are covered behind with long 

 white hairs directed backwards. The eyelids are white, and are separated 

 on the medial line by some black hairs. Finally, there is usually found 

 beneath the chin a bunch of red hair pointing downwards. 



This animal is merely said by Pennant to be " very ill-natured." 



5. MACACUS MONTANUS MOUNTAIN MACACO. 



Syn. et Icon. Macacos gelada. — Rupp. Neue Wrbelth. pi. 2. (Saiigthiere.) 



SPECIFIC characters. 



The Hair very long on the back and hinder part of the head ; body 

 deep reddish-brown above, blending into light wood-brown' on the head, 

 neck, sides, limbs, and tail ; beneath the body, the fore-arms, and all tlie 

 hands, daik-brown. 



The Tail ending in a tuft. 



The Face and Callosities naked and bbckish grey. 



The Throat and Upper Part of the Breast each with a naked space 

 in front. 



This well characterized Macaco was discovered by Ruppell iu the ele- 

 vated mounta'n chain of the Abyssinian provinces of Haremat, Simen, 

 and Godjam, at a height of about 8000 feet above the level of the sea. 

 It is found in numerous families throughout tliose rocky regions which 

 are overgrown with bushes, but always upon the ground, differing in tliis 

 respect very remarkably from most other Quadrumanous animals. Seeds, 

 roots, and tlie young buds of plants, form its usual food, which it seeks 

 for in large companies. Its devastations upon the cultivated fields of tie 

 natives are very frequently experienced ; b}' night, it remains concealed in 

 the holes and clefts of the rocks. When attacked, it emitted a loud 

 hoarse bark, and attempted to defend itself. 



In the adult male, the hinder part of the head, the cheek-tufts in front. 



the parotid region, neck, and back, are densely covered with hair about 

 ten inches in length, giving the animal the appearance of being covered 

 with a mantle, which hangs down over the neck and arms. The hair of 

 the forehead, ears, and neck, the cheek-tufts, as well as the hinder-legs 

 and tail, are hazel colour or wood-brown ; that of the sides and along the 

 back is a deep reddish-brown blending into hazel. On the fore part of the 

 neck and breast, there are two lai^e naked spots, flesh-coloured and angular, 

 with their corners directed to each other, somewhat resembling the form of 

 an hour-glass. These naked spots are marked with rings, in which grey 

 and white hairs are scantily dispersed. The naked callosities of the but- 

 tocks are closely approximated to each other, their colour being blackish- 

 grey. The nails are black, long, and arched ; those of the fore-hands be- 

 ing much larger than on the hinder. The tail is long, very hairy, and 

 terminates in a thick tuft. The entire animal has a very massive appear- 

 ance, owing to the thick and long hair in which it is enveloped. It car- 

 ries its body bent rather backwards, but in a liorizontal position ; and holds 

 the tail curved upwards near the root, but with the tuft hanging vertically 

 downwards. The hair round the face stands erect, giving the animal a 

 wild and formidable appearance, especially when it shows its teeth. It 

 is known to the inhabitants by the name of Gucreza. 



The young males have the hair of the neck much shorter and more 

 plentiful, and the deep reddish-brown colour appears over the whole ; as 

 the animal increases in size, it gradually acquires the light hazel tint. The 

 adult female is altogether as deeply coloured as the young male. The 

 adult male is about 3 feet 2 inches in length. 



(B.) Short-tailed Macacos. (Maimons.) 



Some species of Macacos are distinguished by having a short 

 tail. 



In this section, which contains four species, the muzzle becomes more 

 elongated, and the tail, which is always less than the body, in some of 

 the species is excessively short. The Rhesus and Pig-tailed Macacos 

 form the types of the subdivision. 



6. MACACUS SILENUS WANDEROO MACACO. 



Syn. Le Macaqite a cedjiere. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 94. 



PapiO Silends.— Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 102. 



Macacus SiLENns. — Desm. Mam. — Isid. Geoff, in Belang. Voy. 



Lion-tailed Monkey. — Penn. Quadr. 



Sdua SiLENUS. — Linn. Gmel. — S. Leonina. — Linn. 

 Icon. L'Ouanderou — Audeb. Sing. 



Ouanderou femelle. — F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 



Buff. Hist. Nat XIV. pi. 18.— Schreb. SaUgth. pi. II. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair black ; a large greyish crest and white beard surround the 

 head ; the under part of the body white ; the tail ending in a tuft. 

 Inhabits Ceylon and Hindoostan. 



This animal, first noticed in Knox's Ceylon, is called Nil-Bandar by 

 the natives. The adult is exceedingly ferocious, but the young appears 

 susceptible of some education. It frequents the woods. 



The abdomen, the breast, and the circle round tlie head, are white ; 

 the remainder of the body is of a fine black. The hairs are generally long, 

 especially round the head, where a greyish crest appears on each side of 

 the forehead, uniting in a white beard on the chin, and extending back- 

 wards over the clieeks. The tail terminates in a tuft. The callosities 

 are reddish, but the face and hands black. 



The earlier accounts of tliis animal are, as usual, full of fable and ex- 

 asperation. According to Father Vincent Maiia, " All tlie other Mon- 

 keys pay such profound respect, that tliey submit and humiliate them- 

 selves in his presence, as though they were capable of appreciating his 

 superiority and pre-eminence. The princes and great lords hold him in 

 much estimation, because he is endowed above every other witli gravity, 

 capacity, and the appearance of wisdom. He is easily trained to the per- 

 formance of a variety of ceremonies, grimaces, and affected courtesies, 

 all which he accomplishes in so serious a manner, and to such perfection, 

 that it is the most wonderful thing to see them acted with so much ex- 

 actness by an irrational animal." (Vincent Maria fide Bennett.) — Robert 

 Knox, in his Historical Relation of Ceylon, tells us, with more probability, 

 that " They do but little mischief, keeping in the woods, eating only 

 leaves and buds of trees ; but when they are catched they will eat any- 

 thin"." The specimen in the IMuseum of the Zoological Society of Lon- 

 don being young, " was extremely active, and occasionally very trouble- 

 some, but at the same time a perfectly good-tempered fellow. He was 

 very strong, and had his teeth been full-grown, would in all probability 

 have proved a dangerous animal." (E. T. Benhett, Gardens and Mciia- 

 "erie of the Zoological Society.) 



> Wood-Brown— Colour of the hazel-nut,— No. 105. Werner's Nomenclature of Colours. By Patrick Syme. Edinburgh, 1821. 



