166 



ORDER QUADRUMANA.— GENUS CYNOCEPHALUS. 



1. CYNOCEPHALUS SPHINX GUINEA BABOON. 



Si/n. Le Papion Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 97. 



Papio Sphinx— GeofF. Ann. Mus. XIX. 



SiMIA SPHIiNX Ijinn. Gmel. I. — Fiscli. Syn. Mam. 



CYNOCEPHALUS Papio Desm. Mam. 



Icon. Le Papion Le Papion, var. A Audeb. Sing. 



Le Papion male, Papion femelle ties jeune F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. 



Mam. 



Simia CYNOCEPHALUS Brongn.' in Journ. d'Hist. Nat. I. pi. 21. 



Le Papion Buff. Hist. Nat. XIV. pi. 13. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTEKS. 



The Hair yellow, tending more or less towards brown, the cheek-tufts 

 yellow. 



Th:. Face black. The Tail long.^ 

 Inhabits Africa. 



Specimens of this animal vary in size, probably owing to some 

 difference in their ages. The adult is ferocious, and of brutal man- 

 ner?. 



The face, the ears, and the palms of all the hands, are entirely black ; 

 the ujiper eyelids white. Its general colour is a yellowish-brown, result- 

 ing from hairs covered alternately with small rings of black and clear 

 brownish-yellow, so that the animal, when viewed very closely, appears 

 speckled with these colours. The cheek-tufts are yellowish, and directed 

 backwards. The hair on the back of the neck is longer than on any other 

 part of the body ; the inner surfaces of the legs and thighs are scantily 

 covered, as well as the lower part of the belly, beneath the neck, and on 

 the breast ; the bases of the hairs are usually grey. The females and 

 young do not differ from the adults in colour, but much so in form. They 

 are not so robust, and their muzzles are much less elongated. 



This species may at once be distinguished from the following, by the 

 cartilage of its nostrils projecting forwards beyond the other parts of the 

 muzzle. It is found on the coast of Guinea, also in the Island of Meroe, 

 and rarely in Senaar, according to Calliaud. 



2. CYNOCEPHALUS BABOUIN LITTLE BABOON. 



Syn. Le Basohin Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 97. 



Papio cy.vocephalus. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 



Simia CYNOCEPHALOs. — Linn. Gmel. I. — (S. cynocephala). — Fisch. Syn. 



Mam. 

 CYNOCEPHALUS Babouin Desm. Mam. — C. antiquoruji Schinz. 



Thierr. I. 

 Icon. Babouin male. — F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. — F. Cuv. in Mem. du 



Mus. pi. 19. 

 Le Petit Papion — Buff. Hist. Nat. XIV. pi. 14. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Haib greenish-yellow above, clear yellow beneath, cheek-tufts 

 whitish. 



The Face flesh-coloured. The Tail medium length. 

 Inhabits Northern Africa. 



"ThU species is nearly allied to the preceding. 



It occupied an important place in the Theogony of the ancient Egyp- 

 tians, and was worshipped at Hermopohs, where a celebrated temple stood 

 in its honour. It is probably this species, which appears represented so 

 frequently among the hieroglyphics of that singular people. The upper 

 parts of the body are of a pretty uniform greenish-yellow, and this re- 

 sults from hairs covered with large yellow rings alternating with small 

 hlack ones, so that the former predominate, and the greenish tint ensues. 

 All the lower parts of the body are of a paler yellow than the upper, and 

 the tufts of hair on each side of the face are whitish. The young are of 

 the same general colour as the adults, but beneath they are of a dirty 

 white. Their muzzle is not so prominent, and the colour of the thighs, 

 instead of being red, is deep brown. The nostrils of the adult, placed 

 at the extremity of the muzzle, are separated above by a very well-mark- 

 I'd groove, and the lateral cartilages do not advance as far forward as the 

 central. The tail, elevated at its origin, soon hangs downwards, and ter- 

 minates at the ham, or hinder part of the knee. The face is of a bright 

 flash colour, rather paler around the eyes. 



Var. Anueis Anubis Baboon. 



Syn. SraiiA Anubis — Fisch. Syn. Mam. 

 Icon. Anubis. — F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 



The Anubis Baboon differs from the Little Baboon already described 

 in being of a deeper green, its muzzle more elongated, and the cranium 

 flatter. 



3. CYNOCEPHALUS PORCARIUS.— CHACMA BABOON. 



Syn.3 Le Papion noir. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 97. 



Papio PORCARIUS. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 



SiMiA PORCARIA Linn. Gmel. I Fisch. Syn. Mam. 



Simia Sphingiola Herm.* Obs. Zool. I. p. 2 Fisch. Syn. Mam. 



CYNOCEPHALUS PORCARIUS. — Desm. Mam. 



Ursine Baboon. — Penn. Quadr. I. No. 104. 

 Icon. Le Papion var. B. — Audeb. Sing, (incorrect). 



Chacma male tres vieux. — Tete d'un tres jeune individu. — F. Cuv. et 

 Geoff. Hist. Mam. 



Simia porcaria. — Bodd.5 Abhandl. in Naturf. XXII. pi. I and 2. 



LONG-NOSEU Monkey' Penn. Quadr. I. No. 111. 



La Guenon a face alongee. — Buff. Hist. Nat. Suppl. VII. pi. 15. 



Singe noir Le Vaill. Voy. H. 



specific characters. 



The Hair black, with a yellowish or greenish tinge ; the cheek-tufts 

 grey. 



The Face and Hands black. The Tail very long, with a tuft at the 

 end. 



Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope. 



This species resembles the preceding in form and manners. The 

 adult has a long mane, and the tail, which terminates in a tuft, ex- 

 tends as low as the heel. 



Several animals of this species, called Choak-kama or Chacma by the 

 Hottentots, were preserved for a long time in the Paris Menagerie. An 

 incident occurred with a male specimen, brought by Captain Baudin from 

 the Cape of Good Hope along with its female, serving forcibly to illus- 

 trate the peculiar disposition of these animals. Though rather, mild 

 when first imported, it soon lost its docility. Having one day escaped 

 from its cage, the keeper imprudently threatened it witll a stick ; in an 

 instant the animal flew upon him, and inflicted three deep wounds upon 

 his thigh with its strong canine teeth, which penetrated as far as the femur, 

 so that the hfe of the man was for a long time rendered precarious. To 

 induce the animal to return to its cage, the following stratagem was 

 adopted. The keeper had a daughter, who often fed the Baboon, and 

 for whom it had at all times exhibited a powerful attachment. She placed 

 herself at the side of the cage, opposite to the door at which the animal 

 was to enter, and a man was made to approach the young woman as 

 if he were about to caress her. The moment the Baboon perceived this 

 movement, it raised a frightful cry, and throwing itself in the fury of its 

 jealousy upon the individual, rushed into the cage, which waj instantly 

 closed from behind. 



Tlie greenish-black hue of its coat proceeds from hairs which are grey 

 at the base, and otherwise black, excepting some rings of yellow more or 

 less dingy. The face, ears, and the palms of the hands, are naked, and 

 few hairs are to be seen on the internal surfaces of the arms and thighs. 

 The fingers, especially of the hinder hands, are covered with short, 

 coarse, and black hairs ; the tail terminates in a strong black tuft ; and 

 the neck is furnished with long hairs, forming a mane, which is wanting 

 in the female. The skin of the hands, face, and ears, is of a violet-black ; 

 but the circle round the eyes has a paler tint, and the upper eyelid is 

 white as in the Mangabey Guenon. The nostrils are separated above 

 by a deep furrow, the upper and anterior portion of the head is wholly 

 flat, and the callosities are very small. 



4. CYNOCEPHALUS HAMADRYAS.— DOG-FACED BABOON. 



Syn. Le Tartarin he Belon.'' — Cut. Reg. Anim. I. 98. 



Papio Hamadry'as Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 



Simia Hamadryas. — Linn. Gmel. I. — Fisch. Syn. Mam. 



CYNOCEPHALUS Hamadryas. — Desm. Mam. 

 Icon. Tartarin male.-Tartarin femelle jeune.-F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 



Cyn. Hamadryas, male, female, and young. — Ehrenb. Symb. pi. 1 1. 



Dog-faced Monkey Penn. Quadr. I. pi. 43, fig. 1. 



Singe de Moco.'— Buff. Suppl. VIL pi. 10. 



1 M Brongniart's Paper on Simia Cynocephalus, in the Jou.in. d'Hist. Nat. (Journal d'Histoire Naturelle, par JIM. Lamarck, Bruguieres, Olivier, Haiiy, et Lepelletier, 

 Paris, 1792). 



2 Those figures which tepresent the tail short, as in BufF. Hist. Nat. XIV. pi. 13 and 14, are made after mutilated specimens. M. Brongniart has rep.-esented the 

 former with some precision, but under the improper name of Simia Cynocephalus. His figure is copied in Sohreber, pi. 13 B.—Note of the Baron Cuvier. 



3 All these fictitious species have arisen from the greater or less state of preservation'^of the specimens, or differences of age I^ote of the Baron Cmier. 



•* J. Herrmann! Observationes Zoologies, Edidit F. Hammer, Argent. 1 304. " - 



5 Boddaert Abhandlung Uber den Affen mit dem Schweinskopfe (Der Naturforscher, Halle, 1774 to 1804). 



6 See fol. 101 of L'Histoire de la Nature des Oiseaui, avec leurs Descriptions, &c., par P. de Belon do Mans. Paris, 1555. 

 ' This has been copied in Schreber, but the colouring is faulty Note of the Baron Cuvier. 



