THE BABOONS. 



167 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 

 THE MALE. 



The Hair of a blueish-grey, very long on the neck and cheeks, form- 

 ing a mane. 



The Tail long and tufted. 



THE female and YOUNG. 



The Hair of a dark greenish-grey. No mane. The Face flesh-co- 

 loured. 



Inhabits Arabia, Persia, and Ethiopia. 



This animal is likewise exceedingly brutal and ferocious. 



The blueish-grey colour of its fur has a slight tinge of green, resulting 

 from rings which are alternately black and yellowish-grey. The hinder 

 parts of the body are paler than the anterior, the fore-limbs almost black, 

 the cheek-tufts and abdomen whitish. The face, ears, and hands, are of 

 a deep-brown, the buttocks red, as in all the adult Baboons. A well- 

 marked groove separates the nostrils above. The hair of the mane is 

 about six or seven inches in length, commencing from the neck, and cover- 

 ing all the anterior parts of the body. The abdomen and inner surface 

 of the thighs are scantily covered, and the tail terminates in a small tuft. 



The female differs from the male in having no mane, and her hair is 

 of a dark greenish -grey. The young males resemble the adult females. 



M. Ehrenberg saw several wild individuals of this species in Arabia. 

 They live together in small families.' 



(B.) Mandrills. (Les Mandrills, Cuv.) 

 Of all Apes, the Mandrills have the longest muzzle (about 

 30°) ; their tail is very short ; they are likewise very brutal and fe- 

 rocious. The nose does not differ from that in the preceding sec- 

 tion. 



In this section, two species alone are now admitted by NaturaUsts. 



5. CYNOCEPHALUS MORMON VARIEGATED BABOON. 



Syn. Le Mandrill. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 98. 



Papio Mormo.n GeofT. Ann. Mus. XIX. 



SniiA Mormon et Maimon Linn. Gmel. I (S. Maimon.) — Fisch. 



Syn. Mam. 



Cynocephalus Mormon. — Desm. Mam. 

 Icon. Le Mandrill. — Audeb. Sing — Menag. du Mus. 



Mandrill male vieux. — Mandrill male jeune.— F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. 

 Mam. 



Le Mandrill, Boggo, Choras— Buff. Hist. N.at. XIV. pi. 16, 17.— 

 Suppl. VII. pi. 9. 



Great Baboon Penn. Quadr. I. pi. 40 and 41 — Ribbed-nose Ba- 

 boon (young). 



Variegated Baboon. — Shaw, Gen. Zool. I. pi. 10. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 

 THE MALE. 



The Hair greyish-brown, ohve-brown above, white beneath, a citron 

 yellow tuft under the chin. 



The Cheeks with bright purple stripes. The Bcttocks bright purple. 

 The Nose bright scarlet, likewise the Callosities. 



THE female and VODNG. 



The Hair nearly the same as the male, no tuft under the chin. 

 The Cheeks with a few small blue stripes. 

 The Face otherwise black. 



Inhabits Guinea. 



In the adult males, we find the nose red, especially at the point, 

 where it becomes scarlet, and this circumstance has very erroneously 

 occasioned the adult to be set down as a distinct species' from the 

 young. The parts of generation and the circle of the anus are of 

 the same colour, and the buttocks are of a bright purple, so that 

 one can scarcely imagine an animal so hideous and extraordinary. 

 It attains nearly the size of Man, and the Negroes of Guinea hold 

 it in much dread. Many traits of its history have been confounded 

 with those of the Chimpansee, and consequently of the Orang- 

 Outang. 



The adult Variegated Baboon (S. Mormon, Linn, and Choras, Buff.) 

 presents a singular and revolting combination of characters, in which the 



peculiarities of Man are brought into close and degrading approximation to 

 those of the brute. Its bright and yellow eyes are deeply sunk in be- 

 neath a low forehead, and approximate so nearly to each other, as to im- 

 part a peculiar air of ferocity to the countenance. Its muzzle is enor- 

 mous, terminating in a round and flat surface of a bright scarlet, continu- 

 ally moistened by a disgusting mucus. Tlie cheeks are very prominent, 

 and furrowed with longitudinal ridges of a bright blue, changing into 

 violet. A narrow stripe of crimson, running along the centre of the nose, 

 divides the face into two parts, giving it a wounded or lacerated appear- 

 ance. Its hair is of a greyish-brown, spotted with yellowish-brown, es- 

 pecially near the head ; white on the breast and abdomen, as well as in- 

 side the thighs, on the neck, and behind the ears. The tail being very 

 short, is continually erect, disclosing the brilliant hues of red and blue al- 

 ready noticed. Its limbs are exceedingly muscular, and its strength is 

 much superior to that of Man. 



The hair owes its colour to alternate rings of black and yellow, form- 

 ing by their combination a greenish-brown, common to many Apes, but 

 of a darker hue in the Variegated Baboon than in any others. A white 

 band commences from each ear, and passing upwards is interrupted at 

 the vertex. The skin round the eyes is of a violet-brown. The hairs 

 on each side of the head, being very long, unite together on the sum- 

 mit, forming a kind of crest, the centre of which is sometimes elevated 

 into a pointed tuft. 



The colours of Mammiferous animals are in general dull and tarnished, 

 Nature having iparingly bestowed upon them those vivid hues, which she 

 has so liberally distributed among the feathered tribes. By a singular 

 exception, however, the Mandrills, when arrived at mature age, exhibit 

 such dazzling combinations of red and blue, as may vie with the colours 

 of the brightest birds. These brilhant reflections do not proceed from 

 the hairs, but from the skin itself; yet they are not inherent in its sub- 

 stance, but depend upon the vital energy of the animal. Before the adult 

 period of life, they are scarcely seen, and they become dull and tarnished 

 whenever the animal is indisposed. 



The young Variegated Baboon (S. Maimon, Linn.), before the appear, 

 ance of its canine teeth, has a broad and short head, with the body ra- 

 ther thick ; the face is black, with only the sides of each jaw blue and 

 furrowed, while the thighs present no particular colour. As soon as the 

 canines begin to appear, the body and limbs become longer, while the 

 physiognomy gradually acquires the characters of the adult. 



The females always remain of smaller size than the males, and their 

 skin does not acquire any bright or vivid colours, while the nose never 

 becomes entirely red. At the rutting period, which occurs every month, 

 the vulva is surrounded by a monstrous protuberance, resulting from the 

 accumulation of blood in those parts, and generally assuming a spherical 

 form. When the rutting period is over, this spherical protuberance gra- 

 dually diminishes, but reappears iu about twenty-five or thirty days. 



It is singular that no animals, excepting the Baboons, distinguish wo- 

 men in a crowd from the other sex ; at the same time, no species gives 

 more striking marks of this singular partiality than the Variegated Baboon. 

 It marks out the youngest ladies, however disguised by the fashion of the 

 day, invites them by voice and gesture, and there can belittle doubt that 

 if unconfined, the danger of the fair ones would be very imminent. May 

 not these have been the Satyrs of antiquity? George and Frederic 

 Cuvier are of opinion that they were wholly unknown to the ancients. 



Originally from Africa, and especially from the regions near the Gulf 

 of Guinea, they do not appear to have extended as far south as the Cape 

 of Good Hope. 



Camper and Vicq-d'Azyr have described the membraneous sac, which 

 commuuicates with the larynx, and serves to render their voice hoarse. 

 They emit a kind of growl, which may be expressed by the syllables aoo- 

 aoo. 



6. CYNOCEPHALUS LEUCOPH^US.— DRILL BABOON. 



Syn. Le Drill Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 99. 



SilUA LEucoPHiEA. — F. Cuv. in Ann. Mus. IX Fisch. Syn. Mam. 



CYNOCEPHALUS LEL'COPH.EUS Desm. Mam. 



Icon. Drill male. Drill tres vieux. Drill tres jeune. Drill femelle. — F. Cuv. et 

 Geoff. Hist. Mam Ann. Mus. IX. pi, 37 (young). 



SPECIFIC characters. 

 THE MALE. 



The Hair yellowish-grey; white beneath, and on the side of the 

 head. 



^ To this place the Baron Cuvier has referred his Simla nigra in the following words : — '* We must distinguish from the other Cynocephali, a species entirely black and 

 without any tail (S. nigra, Cuv.), but the he-ad of which resembles the others." The last portion of this sentence does not appear to have been stated with M. Cuvier's 

 usual precision, as the nostrils are not terminal. We have accordingly followed Bennett in considering this animal as a true Macacus (see IMacacus niger already described). 

 Isid. GeofFroy forms this animal into a third section, under tlie name of Cynopitheques, Cynocephales-Magots, or Tailless Baboons, analogous to the Mai^ots or Tailless 

 Macacos of the preceding genus. 



^ We have ourselves seen, along with M. Geoffrey, two or three Mandrills, or S. maimon, change into Choras, or S. mormon, in the Menagerie of the Museum, 

 The tuft of hair which is added to the characters of the Mormon is often found also in the Maimon. — Note of the Baron Cuvier. 



