GENUS LAGOTHRIX. 



173 



and those of America, being in fact more Dearly allied to the former than 

 to the latter. Their nostrils are rounded, very nearly approximate to 

 each other, and are rather inferior than lateral, owing to the extreme 

 thinness of the partition of their nostrils. The nails bear more resem- 

 blance to those of some Carnivorous animals, such as the Dogs, than of 

 the Spider- Monkeys; they are compressed, and maybe described as formed 

 of two laminas surmounted by a blunted crest. The nails on the tliumbs 

 of the hinder-hands are, however, an exception to this rule, being broad 

 and flat as in Man. Their ears are small, and for the most part covered 

 entirely with hair. 



The molar teeth of the Eriodes are generally very large and quadrangu- 

 lar. Their incisive teeth, in both jaws, are arranged nearly in a straight 

 line; they are very small, of equal length, and much less than the mo- 

 lars, by which characters the dentition of the Woolly- Monkeys may be 

 distini'uished from that of all other Sapajoos, excepting the Howlers. 



Their hair is soft to the touch, woolly and very short. That of the 

 head, still shorter than on the body and tail, is directed backwards ; and 

 this arrangement, being opposite to that of the Spider- Monkeys, gives to 

 their physiognomy an aspect wholly different. 



The Woolly- Monkeys live together in troops, among the branches of 

 trees ; they leap with much agility, and greatly resemble the preceding 

 or succeeding genera, in their manners, as far as the latter have been as- 

 certained. 



1. ERIODES HEMIDACTYLUS — DWARF-THUMBED 

 WOOLLY-MONKEY. 



Syii. Eriodes heshdactylcs. — Isid. Geoff. 



Ateles nvpOXANTHUS. — Desm. Mam. — Less. Mam. — Kuhl, Beitr. 

 Icon. Mem. Mus. XVII. pi. 22. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair yellowish fawn-colour, tending to black upon the back ; the 

 tail and hands of a brighter yellow. 



Thk Fore-hands pentadactylous ; the Thumb being very short, with 

 a small compressed Nail. 



The Face flesh-coloured, spotted with grey. 



Inhabits Brazil. 



This species was discovered by Delalande in 1816, but has always 

 been confounded with the Ateles hypoxanthus of Prince Maximilian. It 

 may, however, be at once distinguished from its having the thumb of the 

 fore-hand unguiculated, very narrow, short, and scarcely reaching to the 

 orifin of the first finger, so as to he wholly useless to the animal for any 

 practical purposes. Its hair is in general yello%vish-fawn, assuming a 

 darker tint upon the back. The hands and tail are of a purer yellow 

 than the remainder of the body. There is a naked space at the base of 

 the tail and near the anus, surrounded by hair of a ferruginous red. The 

 face, which is completely nidied in the neighbourhood of the eyes, ap- 

 pears to be spotted with grey over a flesh-coloured ground. The habits 

 of this animal are unknown. 



2. ERIODES ARACHNOIDES.— THUMBLESS WOOLLY- 

 MONKEY. 



Sijn. Le Coaita fadve. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 101. 



Ateles Arachnoides Geoff. Ann. Mus. VII., XIII., and XIX. 



Desm. Mam. 



Eriodes Arachnoides. — Isid. Geoff. Mem. Mus. XVII. 



Suha Arachnoides. — Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 3.54. 

 Icon. Ann. Mus. XIII. pi. 9. 



specific characters. 



The Hair is yellowish fawn-colour above; yellowish- white beneath; 

 reddish on the outside of the limbs and beneath the tail ; the eyelashes 

 long and black. 



The Face flesh-coloured The Fore-hands tetradactylous. 



Inhabits Brazil. 



This animal is easily distinguished from all other Woolly-Monkeys 

 known at present, by the absence of any external appearance of a thumb 

 on the fore-hands. Its hair is generally of a clear yellowish-fawn colour, 

 passinf into reddish-grey upon the head, and into bright red beneath the 

 tail, upon the hands, and especially near the hinder wrists or heels. 

 Some specimens are, however, sometimes found of a uniform clear yel- 

 low. The hair of the ears is of a deeper chestnut tinge, that of the fore- 

 head approaches to white, set off by a row of long, stiff, and black eye- 

 lashes, with which the forehead is bordered. Its hair has this peculiarity, 

 that it gives out a fawn-coloured tint, when rough and bristled as it usually 

 appears, but passes into a chestnut brown when perfectly smooth. This 

 proceeds from the circumstance that the tips of the hair are of a fawn-co- 

 lour, while their points being of a deeper brown near the head and ears, 

 occasion the latter tint to predominate on those parts of the body. 



We are' at present ignorant of its habits and manners. It comes from 

 Brazil, where it bears the name of Macaco vernello. Several specimens 

 exist in the Paris Museum. 



3. ERIODES TUBERIFER—TUBEROUS WOOLLY-MONKEY. 



Syn. Le Mikiri (typographical error for Miriki).— Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 100. 



Eriodes tuberifer. — Isid. Geoff. Mem. Mus. XVII. 

 Icon. Brachyteles macrotarsus (fern'' Spix, Sim. Vespert. Bras. pi. 27. 



Ateles hypoxanthus (male). — Pr. Max. Abbild. 



specific characters. 



The Hair yellowish-grey ; the base of the tail and anal region yellow- 

 ish-red. 



The Face flesh-coloured. 



The Fore-hands with a rudimentary thumb, rarely bearing a Nail. 



Inhabits Brazil. 



The Tuberous Woolly- Monkey, known to the inhabitants of Brazil by 

 the names of Mono and Miriki, is the largest Quadrumanous animal of 

 South America. It inhabits the lofty primeval forests of the interior, 

 in those desert regions overrun with wood, which are seldom visited by 

 Man. 



This animal may be easily distinguished from the preceding, by having 

 its thumbs rudimentary, and appearing externally under the form of simple 

 tubercles, which, according to the observations of M. Spix, always want 

 the nail, though the contrary is asserted by others. The hair on the 

 upper part of the body is short, and rather thick, of a yellowish fawn-co- 

 lour, as in the rest of its congeners, blending into a fiery red towards the 

 roots of the hair, behind the thighs and legs, on the fingers, and beneath 

 the tail. The hair of the head is rather darker, but becomes lighter about 

 tlie face. The latter is of an oblong form, naked, flesh-coloured, slightly 

 tinged with grey, and bears long, black, and stift' hairs on the margin of 

 the forehead and eyelashes. The cranium is broad and arched ; the ears 

 prominent, truncated on the margin, hairy, of a deep brown beneath and 

 behind; while the lower jaw slightly ascends at the inferior angle. 



These large Monkeys are very plentiful in the maritime provinces from 

 St Paul to Bahia. They travel about in troops during the day, and make 

 the air resound with their loud cries. On perceiving a hunter, they as- 

 cend quickly to the tops of the highest trees, and leap swiftly and silently 

 from branch to branch, until they are lost in the gloom of their impene- 

 trable forests. 



GENUS IV.— LAGOTHRIX.— GLUTTONOUS MONKEYS. 



Syn. Les LACOTimrx Cuv. Reg. Anira. I. 101. 



Lacoturix. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm. Mam. 

 GAsrarJLARGOS. — Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. 



GENERIC characters; 



The Head rounded. The Facial Angle about 50°. The Ears very 

 small. 



The Tail naked beneath the point. 



The Hands pentadactylous. 



The Nails slightly compressed. 



The Limes of moderate length. — The Hair rather woolly. 



Inh.\bit South America. 



These animals have the head round, like that of the Spider- 

 Monkeys, their thumbs are developed as in the Howlers, and the 

 tail is partly naked, as in both. They all come from the interior of 

 South America, and are said to be singularly gluttonous in their 

 habits. 



The genus Lagothrix, containing two species only, was instituted by 

 M. GeoffVoy-Saint-Hilaire, and may be distinguished from any of the 

 preceding by its having the limbs much shorter, and especially by the 

 fore-hands being pentadactylous, as in the Howlers and Weepers {Cebus), 

 the latter of which it greatly resembles in the general proportions of the 

 body. The fingers are of moderate length, and the first or index is even 

 short. The nails of the anterior hands are slightly compressed, not ex- 

 cepting even those of the thumbs, and in respect to their shape, are inter- 

 mediate to those of the Ateles and Eriodes. On the hinder-fingers, e,\- 

 cepting the thumb, the nails are still more compressed, and similar to 

 those of the Eriodes, especially in respect to the three last fingers. The 

 head in the Gluttonous Monkeys is rounded, and their hair soft to the 

 touch, very fine, and almost as woolly as in the Eriodes; but their in- 

 cisive teeth and nostrils resemble those of the Ateles. Their facial angle 

 is 50°, and their ears are very small. 



It is to Humboldt that we are indebted for the discovery of these ani- 

 mals, which still remain but little known, whether in their organization 

 or manners. We are merely informed that they live together in numerous 

 troops, and appear to be very mild in their disposition ; they often stand 



