THE WEEPERS. 



179 



Monachus of Frederic Cuvier they are white, — variations which are in 

 all probability owing to mere differences of age. Temniinck and Prince 

 Maximilian have verified this last observation. We find in the Cebus 

 variegatus of Geoffroy another instance of the undue multiplication of 

 species. 



10. CEBUS BARBATUS BEARDED WEEPER. 



S}/n. Cebos BARBATtrs Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm. Mam. — Kuhl 



Beitr. 

 Icoti' Le Sai (Var. B). — Audeb. Sing. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair yellowish-brown ; reddish beneath ; a yellowish-white 

 beard extending over the cheeks ; the top of the head dark yellowish- 

 brown. 



The Face flesh-coloured. The Hands black. 



Inhabits Guiana. 



This animal differs from the Capuchin Weeper, in having its hair much 

 more yellow; that which surrounds the head is of a yellowish-white; 

 on the top of the liead it is dark yellowish-brown ; the hair covering the 

 arms is yellow, and changes into red on approaching the fore-hands, 

 which are black, as well as the hinder. The hair on the breast and belly 

 is red, and that of the back and tail yellowisb-brown, mixed with grey. 

 On all parts of the body it is very long and silky. The above description 

 was taken from a living specimen in the Paris Menagerie. This animal 

 was peifectly familiar, and imitated all the gestures of its masters. When 

 seated, it used to curl the tail round its body. 



(B.) Horned Weepers. (Sajous cornus.) 



The remaining Weepers have the hair of the forehead differently 

 disposed in tufts. 



II. CEBUS FATUELLUS COMMON HORNED WEEPER. 



Syti. Le Sajoucornu. — Briss. Reg. Anim. p. 195. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 102. 



Cebus Fatuellus Enl Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm. Mam. 



SnuA Fatueluis. — Linn. Gmel. I. 



HoRNEU Monkey Penn. Quadr. I. No. 138. 



Icon. Sajou cornu Buff. Hist. Nat. Suppl. VII. pi. 29.— Audeb. Sing. 



Cebus Fatuellus. — Pr. Max. Abbild. 



Sajoucornu male. — F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. (var.) 



GENERIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair brownish-black ; paler on the shoulders and upper arms; 

 a yellowish-white band on the margin of the cheeks ; a crest of upright 

 hair on the forehead, ending in a tuft on each side. 



The Face and Hands violet-coloured. 



Inhabits Brazil. 



The Horned Weepers, first described by Brisson, abound on the east 

 coast of Brazil, especially in the neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro, and in 

 the great woods near Cabo Frio. They sometimes are found alone, or 

 in pairs ; more usually in small troops ascending the trees in search of 

 fruit, but apparently in perpetual motion. Generally they are very lively, 

 active, and quick in their movements ; the young especially are exceed- 

 ingly ludicrous, and easily become attached to their master. From the 

 continual watchfulness of these animals, the hunters find it very difficult 

 to surprise them, and this they usually effect by imitating their sonorous 

 whistle with the mouth. On perceiving the enemy, the troop soon 

 effects its escape by wide springs out of the reach of the guns. They be- 

 come very fat during the cool season of the year, and are then considered 

 excellent game. 



These animals acquire a larger size than the other Weepers. They 

 are of a sooty brown almost approaching to black upon the head, body, 

 limbs, and tail, becoming a paler brown on the shoulders and upper-arms; 

 a band of yellowish-white hairs runs along the margin of each cheek, and 

 meets in a very narrow line beneath the chin. The entire skin, whether 

 naked or covered with hair, is violet-coloured. Instead of lying back 

 upon the head, the hairs of the front stand erect, and form a crest termi- 

 nated at each extremity by a bunch of hairs much longer than the remain- 

 der, from which circumstance the animal has derived its specific name. 

 AU the lower parts of the body are much more scantily covered than the 

 upper, and these again are much thicker in winter than in summer. Then 

 the frontal bunches increase in size, the hairs on the cheeks grow longer, 

 and the entire animal appears of a much larger size, and in some degree out 

 ofshape. The horns, egrets, or tufts, do not appear until the animal has 

 acquired its canine teeth ; that is to say, until it has become adult. The 

 base of its nose is rather broader than in the rest of its congeners, and is 

 folded longitudinally, so as to give the animal a morose appearance, al- 

 though it is in reality very mild and affectionate. i 



12. CEBUS CIRRIFER CIRCLED WEEPER. 



Syn. Cebus CIRRIFER — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX Desm. Mam.— Pr. Max. 



Beitr — Fisch. Syn. Mam. 



SiMiA cirrifera.— Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 356. 



Cebus lunulatus (young) — Kuhl Beitr.— C. lunatus Desm. Mam. 



Icon. Cebus cirrifer Pr. Max. Abbild. 



Variete du Sajou cornu — F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair dark brown above ; lighter beneath ; a margin of whitish 

 hairs round the face ; the hairs of the head erect, in the form of a Horse's 

 ehoe. 



Inhabits Brazil. 



This animal differs from the Common Horned Weeper, just described, 

 in having the tints of its hair much darker; its back and sides of a dusky 

 chestnut brown ; the breast and belly of a paler brown ; the fore-part of 

 the arm, the neck, and the under part of the lower jaw, of a yellowish- 

 brown ; the arms, limbs, and tail, black, and the temples of a dirty 

 white. 



There is a variety of this species, figured by Fred. Cuvier, as a variety 

 of the Horned Weeper; it differs in having the hair of the back black, 

 of the shoulders brown, and of the summit of the head deep brown. 

 White whiskers also ornament the cheeks, and ascend crescent-shaped to 

 the centre of the forehead. These characteristic differences are not 

 great ; but yet, as remarked by M. Cuvier, it is only by comparing and con- 

 trasting all these varieties that the specific characters can finally be adopt- 

 ed, and this consideration imparts an importance to descriptions and cor- 

 rect drawings which otherwise they could not individually possess. 



DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 



1. The Fearful Monkey of Pennant (Quadr. I. No. 134), the Ce- 

 bus trepidus of Er.\leben and Geoffroy, is absolutely identical with C. 

 frontatus of Kuhl and Desmarest. Its hair is chestnut brown ; that on 

 the head is still darker, rather long, and elevated in a crest. We find it 

 figured by Audebert (Sing.) under the name of " Sajou, var. A.," and in 

 Edwards' Gleanings, pi. 312, under the title of the Bush-tailed Monkey. 

 It is probably identical with some of the preceding, perhaps C. cirrifer. 



2. The Cebcs gracilis of Spix (Sim. et Vespert. Bras. pi. 5) is yel- 

 lowish-brown above ; whitish beneath ; the top of the head and occiput 

 of a deeper brown; the body slender. This is probably an individual of 

 Cebus fulvus, altered in the stuffing. 



3. The Cebus cucullatus of Spix (Sim. et Vespert. Bras. pi. 6) has 

 the hair of the head directed forwards; a white circle round the face; 

 the head and back brownish ; the limbs and tail dusky ; the shoulder, 

 throat, and breast, whitish ; the remainder of the body of a rusty red. 

 This is, perhaps, a female of one of the species already described. 



4. The Cebus lieidinosus of Spix (lb. pi. 2) is of a reddish-yellow ; 

 a dark brown cowl on its head, and a white circle round the face. That 

 peculiarity in its behaviour, denoted by the specific name, seems rather 

 to have been accidental to the individual described by Spix. 



5. The Antigua Monkey (S. Antiguensis) of Shaw, Gen. Zool. I. p. 

 78, is blackish-fulvous, white beneath, with black limbs, the face black, 

 with bearded cheeks; and the tail brown. It was exported from Anti- 

 gua, but its real country was unknown. 



imaginary species. 



1. Cebus Niger of Geoffroy, Desmarest, and Kuhl, derived from the 

 Sajou negre of Buffon, Suppl. VII. pi. 28, is a nielanic variety of C. 

 Apella, according to Humboldt. 



2. C. VARIEGATUS of Kuhl, Gcoffroy, and others, is the young of C. 

 lanthosternus, according to Temminck. It is likewise the C. xanthoce- 

 phalus of Spix. 



3. C. ALBcs of Geoffroy and others is an albino variety of C, fulvus. 



4. C. LCNULATUs of Kuhl (C. Lunatus of Desmarest) is the young 

 ot the C. cirrifer of Prince Maximilian. 



5. SisHA Morta; and, 



6. SiMiA Syrichta of Linnaeus (Gmel. I. 38), are founded upon im- 

 perfect specimens. 



7. C. frontatus of Kuhl and others (the Bush-tailed Monkey of 

 Edwards) is identical with C. trepidus, noticed above. 



8. C. MACRocEPHALus of Spix is the C. robustus of Prince Maximi- 

 han. 



9. C. nsicoLOR of Spix is the same as the Fulvous Weeper (C. ful- 

 vus). 



10. C. xanthocephalus of Spix should be referred to the C. xantho- 

 sternus of Prince Maximilian. 



11. C. flavus or SiMiA flava of systematic authors is the same as C. 

 fulvus. 



12. C. Monachus of F. Cuvier is the young of C. xanthosternus. ^ 



