GENUS CALLITHRIX— SQUIRREL-MONKEYS. 



181 



merely resting the head between tne tnighs, which then touch the ground. 

 The thumb of the fore-hands is parallel to the fingers, that of the hinder 

 is completely opposable. Its cry consists of a mild and acute whistle, 

 which it repeats three or four times in rapid succession. 



In the other species (Les Caluthkix of the Baron Cuvier), the 

 tail is slender, and the teeth do not project outwards. They have 

 for a long time been united with the Saimiris, but the head of these 

 Sagoins is more elevated, and their canines much shorter. 



2. CALLITHRIX PERSONATA.— MASKED SQUIRREI^ 

 MONKEY 



Syn. Le Sagouin a masque. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 104. 



CALLITHRIX PEKSONATOS Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Kuhl, Beitr. — 



Desm. Mam. — Pr. Max. Beitr. 



SnuA PEKSONATA. — Humb. Obs. Zool. p. .357. 

 Icon. Sauassu (Callithrix personatus). — Pr. Max. Abbild, 



Caliithrix personata (mas.) — Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. pi. 12. 



Callithrix NiGRiFRONS (mas.) — Ibid. pi. 15. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair greyish-brown or yellowish ; the head black ; the tail chest- 

 nut-brown; tlie back of the neck whitish in the male. 

 The Face and Hands black. 

 Inhabits Brazil. 



This is one of the most agreeable Monkeys in the Brazils. It was 

 found by Spix near Rio de Janeiro, but abounds between the Rio Para- 

 hyba and Rio Doce. It is commonly seen in little communities consist- 

 ing of two or three families. Its cry is sharp and loud, with a kind of 

 rattle, occasioned by a peculiar form of the larynx. When domesticated, 

 it becomes very gentle and sociable. The natives call it Smcassu, by 

 "which name it is also known to the Brazilians. 



The Masked Squirrel- Monkey is at once known by the deep black hue 

 of its head and hands, while the tail is chestnut-brown. Its hair is very 

 bushy, deep brown near the roots, and chestnut-brown at the points. 

 Tbe black hair of the head hangs downwards to a considerable length 

 around the face. 



S. CALLITHRIX TORQUATA.— WHITE-THROATED 

 SQUIRREL-MONKEY. 



Syn. Le Sagouin en deuil ou La Veuve Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. lO't. 



Callithrix torquata. — Hoffmannsegg in Blag.' Geseilsch. Naturf. 

 Freund. X. — C. torquatus, C. Asncrus & C. lugens. — Geoff. Ann. 



Mus. XIX.— Kuhl, Beitr Desm. Mam. 



Sl.MlA LUGENS (Viudila) S. TORQUATA, & S. Amicta. — Humb. Obs. 



Zool. p. 3.57. 

 Icon. Callithrix amicta (mas.) — Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. pi. 13. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair chestnut-brown ; the fore-hands yellowish- white ; the hin- 

 der-hands and tail black ; the neck and breast white. 



The Face and Hands brown. 



Inhabits the banks of the Solimoens, and the mountains on the right 

 bank of the Orinoco. 



The White-throated Squirrel- Monkey is rare and much esteemed. It 

 appears to be extremely mild, timid, and inoffensive ; its eye denotes 

 great vivacity, yet it remains for hours motionless, without sleep, and 

 noticing attentively every thing passing around it. Often it refuses to 

 eat, though very hungry ; and seems to have a great aversion to be touched 

 on the hands, hiding them under the belly whenever any one attempts to 

 touch them. This mildness and timidity, however, are merely apparent. 

 At the sight of a small bird it becomes furious, springs upon it like a Cat, 

 and devours it in an instant. It is very fond of fresh meat, although it 

 usually lives on fruits ; and when it eats, raises both hands to the mouth 

 at once, like the Sagoins. It does not associate with Monkeys of a dif- 

 ferent species, and the sight of a Varied Squirrel- Monkey puts it into a 

 rage. It runs and leaps with prodigious agilitv, and, like the Monkey 

 last mentioned, does not thrive on the coasts of South America. 



The hair on the body of this Monkey is of a deep chestnut-brown ; the 

 hinder-hands, fore-arms, and tail, are of a shining black ; the forehead, 

 temples, and circle round the face, of a dusky grey. The throat and breast 

 are white. The fore-hands yellowish-white. In the females and young, 

 the tail is not so black, and the back, instead of being chestnut-brown, is 

 more varied, and tends rather towards a light brown. 



4.. CALLITHRIX MELANOCHIR.— BLACK-HANDED 

 SQUIRREL-MONKEY. 



Syn. Callithrdc melanochir. — Pr. Max. Beitr. — Kuhl, Beitr Desm. 



Mam. 



Icon. Callithrix cineuascens, mas. (young). — Spix, Sim.et Vespert. Bras, 

 pi. U. 



Callithrix Gigot Ibid. pi. 16. 



Callithrix raelanochir. — Pr. Max. Abbild. 



specific characters. 



The Hair ash-grey ; bright reddish-brown en the back ; the tail spot- 

 ted with white and yellowish-grey. 

 The Face and Hands black. 

 Inhabits Brazil. 



This is an agreeable litlle animal, common to the North of the Rio 

 Doce on all the eastern coast of Brazil, and is even not rarely found in 

 the interior. It is commonly known by the name of Gigo, and in its form 

 and mode of life is not far different from the Masked Squirrel- Monkey 

 a'ready described. There is the same peculiarity in its voice. These 

 animals reside on the highest trees of the primitive forests of Brazil in 

 small troops of three to five individuals. When taken young thev are 

 easily tamed, and become very mild and confiding. They are sometimes 

 hunted as game. 



The bright reddish-brown of the back is peculiar to the adults ; the 

 j'oung are entirely grey. 



5. CALLITHRIX CUPREA.— COPPER-BREASTED SQUIRREL- 

 MONKEY. 



Syn. et Icon. Callithrix cuprea. — Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. pi. 17 (fern.) 



specific characters. 



The Hair brownish-grey above ; the head, breast, limbs, and under 

 part of the body, copper-coloured. 



The Face and Hands brown. 



Inhabits the banks of the Rio Solimoens. 



The Copper-breasted Squirrel- Monkey, called Yapusa by the natives, 

 is of a brownish-grey above, and copper-colour beneath, as far as the 

 feet. The head is furnished with shoit and thick hairs, the face and 

 eye-lids are almost naked. The face is surrounded from the temples to 

 the base of the cheeks with copper-coloured hairs directed forwards. 

 The ears are naked behind, very prominent, and covered in front by some 

 red h.airs. In general, all the hairs are directed backwards, those of the 

 back, shoulders, and thiglis, are tolerably long, black, and intermixed 

 with red. The tail is of a reddish-grey, becoming gradually lighter to- 

 wards the extremity. The eyes are brown. 



6. CALLITHRIX MOLOCH MOLOCH SQUIRREL-MONKEY. 



Syn. Cebus Moloch — Hoffm. in Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Freund. X. 



Caluthrix Moloch. — Geoff. .\nn. Mus. XIX Kuhl, Beitr. — Desm. 



Mam. 

 Icon. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair ash-coloured, annulated with brown ; the temples, cheeks, 

 and belly, bright red ; the tip of the tail and hands of a clear grey, almost 

 white. 



The Face and Hands dusky and naked. 



Inhabits Para. 



This elegant little animal has all the upper parts of the body, the neck, 

 and head, as well as the internal surface of all the li-.nbs, covered with 

 hairs, annulated with light grey and pale brown, occasioning these parts 

 of the body to present an agreeable varied appearance. The hairs of the 

 tail, which are very bushy at its base and short elsewhere, are annulated 

 to a considerable extent with dark greyish-brown and dirty white. The 

 inner surface of the limbs is of a clearer grey than the upper part of the 

 bodv. The hacks of the hands, especially the fore ones, are of a clear 

 grev, almost white. The hairs on the top of the head are short and 

 perpendicular. The cheeks, the upper part of the neck, the breast, belly, 

 and the internal surface of the limbs, are of a reddish-yellow, tending 

 rather to a bright red on the limits of the grey tint of the sides, where 

 these colours are separated by a definite line. 



7. CALLITHRIX INFULATA MITRED SQUIRREL-MONKEY. 



Syn. Callithrix infdlatus Kuhl, Beitr. — Desm. Mam. 



Icon. 



SPECIFIC characters. 



The Hair grey above, reddish-yellow beneath, a white spot surrounded 

 with black above the eyes ; the base of the tail reddish-yellow, the 

 point black. 



Inhabits Brazil. 



This animal, first named by Lichtenstein, and described by Kuhl, from 

 a specimen in the Museum of Berlin, is known to us only by the above 

 description. 



See Hoffmannseg 

 46 



;'3 Description of Four Quajrumanous Animals in th» Mag. der Gcsellsch. Naturforsch. Freund. zu Berlin, for 1809,, vol. X. p. 8. 



