186 



THE MARMOUSETS. 



(A.) Proper Marmousets. (Jacchus.) 



M. GeoiFroy distinguishes the Ouistitis, properly so called 

 (Jacchus), characterized by Iiaving their lower incisive teeth pointed, 

 placed in a curved line, and equal to the canines. Their tail is 

 bushy and annulated ; their ears are usually ornamented with a 

 hunch of hair. It is rather difficult to establish clear specific dif- 

 ferences among these animals, differing from each other only in 

 colour. 



1. HAPALE JACCHUS.— COMMON MARMOUSET. 



Syn. L'OtnsTin commun Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 105. 



Jacchus vulgaris. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX — Destn. Mam. 



SiMiA Jacchus Linn. Gmel. I. 39. — Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 360. 



Hapale Jacchus Kuhl. Beilr. — Pr. Max. Beitr. 



Striated Monkey. — Penn. Quadr. No. 142. 

 Icon. Oiistiti male adulte — jeunc femelle F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam, 



Hapale Jacchus. — Pr. Max. Abbild. 



L'Ouistiti Buff. Hist. Nat. XV. pi. ]i Audeb. Sing Schreb. 



Saiigth. pi. 33. 



The Sanglin or Cagdi Minor. — Edw. Glean, pi. 218. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair greyish-brown ; the crupper and tail annulated with black 

 and greyish-brown ; a white spot on the forehead ; very long whitish 

 hairs on each side of the ears. 



Inhabits the tropical parts of America. 



The Common Marmmtset lias been long and familiarly known. The 

 bead is round, covered with black hair at the crown, and on the temples 

 there are two remarkable tufts of long wliite hair ; the ears resemble the 

 human. The face is flesh-coloured and naked, as also the hands and 

 feet ; the eyes are reddish. The upper part of the body is covered with 

 longish hair, in alternate stripes of black and greyish-brown. The ring- 

 like markings are still more conspicuous on the tail, to the number of about 

 twenty of each colour. The under parts of the body, and inside of the 

 limbs, are brown. This beautiful species is about eight inches long, 

 without including the tail, which is somewhat longer than the body. At 

 birth their eyes are open ; they are of a greyish colour ; and immediately 

 attach themselves to their mother, and hide themselves in her fur. M. 

 F. Cuvier states concerning one in the Paris Menagerie which had three 

 at a birth, that she destroyed one before suckling the others. Her ma- 

 ternal feelings were any thing but strong ; and the male showed generally 

 a greater affection for the young. Though very active and attentive to 

 all thai passes, they seem rather stupid, and are very distrustful. They 

 never distinguish persons, even those most familiar with them ; and they 

 are very irritable, and apt to snap at all. They have a singular whistling 

 sort of a cry, in which they particularly indulge. 



This species is widely spread over both the American Continents ; and 

 as it bears the change of climate well, and readily propagates, it is very 

 commonly met with in these countries. 



Var. Rufus There is a variety of this species, with the tail annulated 



with red and ash colour. 



2. HAPALE PENICILLATUS PENCILLED MARMOUSET. 



Syn. Jacchus Penicillatus. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX Desm. Mam. 



SiMiA Penicillata Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 361. 



Icon. Ouistiti femelle a pinceau. — F. Cut. et Geoff. Hist. Mara. 



Jacchus penicillatus. — Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. pi. 26. 



Hapale penicillatus. — Pr. Max. Abbild. 



specific characters. 



The Hair grey ; the crupper and tail annulated with dark and light 

 grey ; a white spot on the forehead ; long dark brown or black pencils of 

 hair in front of each ear ; the head and upper parts of the neck black. 



Inhabits Brazil. 



This singular and graceful-looking animal is distinguished from the pre- 

 vious species principally by those remarkable pencil-formed tufts in front 

 of its ears, from which it has received its specific uame. Similar appen- 

 dages are sometimes likewise found behind the ear, and on the back of 

 the neck. The hair on the head is usually black, with a remarkable 

 white marking on the forehead. The countenance generally is of a dark 

 Ethiopic hue, and is nearly naked ; it is surrounded with a tawny-colour- 

 ed fur, which on the neck is nearly black. The fur of the body is beau- 

 tifully striped light and dark grey and yellow ; the tail is decidedly annu- 

 lated, black and white ; its tip is white. M. Cuvier's specimen was not 

 six inches long. The habits of this species are but little known. Spix 



states it is always found in small troops, and that the mother never car- 

 ries the young either on her back or breast. It is one of the most com- 

 mon Monkeys in Brazil. 



3. HAPALE LEUCOCEPHALUS WHITE-HEADED 



MARMOUSET. 



Syn. Jacchus leucocephalus. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm. Mam. 



SiMiA Geoffroyi Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 360. 



Icon. Hapale leucOcephalus Pr. Max. Abbild. 



specific characters. 



The Hair black, spotted with dark grey : the tail annulated with 

 black and dark grey ; the head and breast white ; long black pencils of 

 hair on eacli side of the ears. 



Inhabits Brazil. 



This very beautiful little animal has a strong family likeness to the two 

 foregoing species, and like the last it has a broad pencil or rather tuft of 

 black hair at tlie side of its head. Its other markings, however, com- 

 pletely distinguish it from its congeners. The whole head and front of 

 the neck are white, while the rest of the body is black, spotted with dark 

 grey, the tail annulated, but with very dark colours. This species is 

 somewhat larger than the preceding. It is an inhabitant of Brazil ; and 

 Prince Maximilian states that he has witnessed the adult carrying one of 

 its young on its back and another at its breast. Its favourite resorts are 

 the lofty forests, and it is rather abundant. It is so much esteemed for 

 its beauty that it is very often tamed, and made a household ornament. 



4. HAPALE HUMERALIFER WHITE-ARMED MARMOUSET. 



Syn. Jacchus HCMERALIFER (Le Camail) Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm. 



Mam. 

 SiMIA HUMERAUFERA. — Humb. Obs. Zool. p, 360. 



Icon. 



specific characters. 



The Hair dusky brown ; on the shoulders, breast, and arms, white ; 

 on the top of the head, dark brown ; the tail indistinctly annulated with 

 grey. 



Inhabits Brazil? 



This species differs somewhat more than the preceding from the Com- 

 mon Marmouset. The ring-like markings of the tail are not so distinct, 

 and the back is of a dusky brown colour. The upper part of the head is 

 also very dark, whilst the neck and the lower part of the body are duFl 

 white ; the hind legs are of a speckled brown colour. It is somewhat 

 smaller than the Common Marmouset, and the tail is proportionally 

 larger. Its habitat has not been accurately ascertained, though it is sus- 

 pected to be from Brazil. 



5. HAPALE AURITUS BLACK MARMOUSET. 



Syn. Jacchus AURITUS (ORErLLARD) Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm. Mam. 



SiMiA AUBITA. — Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 360. 

 Icon. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair black, varied with red above ; the tail annulated with dark 

 brown ; the upper part of the head and face marked in the middle with 

 yellowish-white ; the hands ash-coloured ; the ears covered with long 

 white pencils. 



Inhabits Brazil. 



This animal, of which little is known, is about the size of the Common 

 Marmouset. 



(B.) Tamarin Marmousets. (Midas.) 



M. Geoffroy assigns the term Midas to those species having their 

 lower incisors trenchant, placed nearly in a straight line, and equal 

 to the canines. Their tail is more slender, and it is not annulated. 



6. HAPALE CEDIPUS.— RED- TAILED MARMOUSET. 



Syn. Le Pinchk. — Cut. Reg. Anim. I. 105. 



MiDAS OiDiPUS. — Geoff. Ann, Mus. XIV. — Jacchus GEdipus. — Desm. 

 Mam. 



SiMiA (Edipus. — Linn. Gm'el. I. — Humb. Obs. Zool. 361. 



Red-tailed Monkey Penn. Quadr. No. 14i. 



Icon. Pinche male. — F. Cut. et Geoff. Hist, Mam, 



Midas Oidipus fem. (Tar.) — Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. pi. 23, 



Le Pinche Buff, Hist, Nat, XV, pi. 17.— Audeb. Sing, 



Little Lion Monkey, — Edw, Birds, pi. 195. 



