THE MARMOUSETS. 



187 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair grey, mixed with brown ; long white hairs on the head, 

 hanmn'' behind the ears ; the tail red throughout its first half, black to- 

 wards the end. 



Inhabits the Banks of the River Amazon, Guiana, and Brazil. 



This Red-tailed Marmouset has many well-marked characteristics, of 

 which none is more striking than its long white crest which falls down 

 about the neck. All the under parts of the body, and the inside and ex- 

 treme parts of the extremities, are also white. The outer sides of the 

 limbs are of a deep red colour, as is also the tail, which is tipt with black. 

 The face is wholly black and naked, as is also the front of the neck ; the 

 eyes, too, are stated to be altogether black. Its size varies from eight to 

 ten inches, and the tail is considerably longer than the body. A variety 

 of the female has been figured by Spix (tab. 23), with the body striped 

 black and dark yellowish-grey. 



Though not very common, this species is found in the neighbourhood 

 of Carthagena, at the mouth of the Rio-Sinu, and in Guiana. Humboldt 

 states it is very savage in its temper, and is not tamed without much dif- 

 ficulty ; but when once domesticated, lives a long time in its native coun- 

 try. One was brought to him, which he was anxious to preserve, but 

 it obstinately refused all nourishment, and died in great wrath, squeaking 

 like a Bat, and biting every one that approached it. This animal has by 

 Edwards been designated the " Little Lion MonTtey" for which he as- 

 %vvi% the following reason : — " When it prances about the room on its 

 all-fours, and plays its tail over its back, it has very much the air of a 

 little Lion." 



7. HAPALE RUFIMANUS.— RED-HANDED MARMOUSET. 



Sm. Le TaMarin. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 106. 



Midas rufimanus Geoff. .4nn. Mus. XIX. — Jacchus rdfimanus 



Desm. Mam. 



SiMiA Midas Linn. Gmel. I — Humb. Obs. Zoo!, p. 3G2. 



Great-eared Monkey. — Penn. Quadr. No. HI. 

 Icon, TaMARIN A MAINS ROUSSES — F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 



Le Tamarin. — Buff, Hist. Nat. XV. pi. 13 Audeb. Sing. 



Little Black Monkey Edw. Birds, pi. 196. 



SPECIFIC characters. 



The Hair black ; on the crupper, varied with ash colour ; on the 

 liands, red. 

 Inhabits Guiana. 



This Red-handed Marmouset was first described by our countryman 

 Edwards. It is one of the least species, usually not exceeding six or 

 seven inches ; its tail being twice as much ; its bite, owing to its small- 

 nes3, is not more offensive than the pinch from a Sparrow's bill ; it is, 

 however, very lively and full of action. The eyes are of a hazel colour, 

 the face of a dark flesh, the nose scarcely rising at all ; the upper lip slit 

 like a hare's lip, the teeth very small, nearly approaching in shape to the 

 human. The ears are large in proportion, of a blackish flesh colour, and 

 thinly beset with short hairs. The hair on the head forms a peak on the 

 forehead, and the face is nearly naked. The head, body, and tail, are 

 covered with soft black hair, rather rough and shaggy ; the hair on the 

 lower part of the back stands erect, and is mixed with yellow coloured 

 hairs ; the hands are covered with short, sleek, deep orange-coloured 

 hair; the fore-hands are not so human-like as in some other Monkeys, 

 though it can still hold any thing in one hand. 



Pennant and Buffon made the Negro Monkey a variety of this species ; 

 but M. F. Cuvier says they are evidently two distinct species. " I have 

 had seven or eight individuals," he says, " of bolh, and the Negro Mon- 

 key has the fore arm invariably black, whilst in the other it is constantly 

 orange-coloured." 



The favorite resort of this species is the deep forests. They are bold, 

 and do not flee at the approach of Man. The females have but one at a 

 birth. They remain almost constantly upon the trees in large troops ; 

 their cry is a sharp whistle ; though very choleiic they are easily tamed, 

 and delight in sitting upon their master's shoulders j they are full of plea- 

 santry. Their flesh has a disagreeable taste ; and, therefore, they are 

 not used as food by the native tribes of South America. 



8. HAPALE URSULUS NEGRO MARMOUSET. 



Syn. Le Tamarin negre Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 106. 



Midas URSULUS — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Jacchos orsulus Desm. 



Mam. 



SiMiA UESUI.A Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 351. 



Icon. Tamarin negre femelle. — F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 



Buff. Hist. Nat. Suppl. VII. pi. 32. 



Le Tamarin negre. — Audeb. Sing. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair black, slightly undulated on the back with red. 



The Hands black. 



Inhabits Para — South America. 



The fur of this species is soft and thick, and is composed of only one 

 kind of hair, which is wholly black upon the head, round the neck, on 

 the extremities, and upon all the lower parts of the body, where it is 

 more sparing than elsewhere. The back and flanks have a waved ap- 

 pearance — black and fawned colour. The face, ears, hands, and feet, are 

 naked, and of an Ethiopic complexion ; the colour of the eyes brownish- 

 yellow. The external ear is remarkably large, and appears at its back 

 part as if mutilated, in a way that is seldom witnessed in other animals. 



M. F. Cuvier had one of these animals in his custody for some days, 

 and satisfied himself as to the strong general resemblance it bore to the 

 foregoing species. Its character was remarkable only for its extraordi- 

 nary irritability. On the slightest movement being made, it showed its 

 teeth, and bit with violence as soon as it was touched. Fortunately, 

 however, its jaws were so weak, that it could not even penetrate the 

 skin. Desmarest informs us that this species is found in Para, where it 

 is very common. 



9. HAPALE LABIATUS WHITE-LIPPED MARMOUSET. 



Syn. Le Tamarin a LEVRES blanches. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 106. 



Midas LABIATUS. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX Jacchus labiatus.- Desm. 



Mam. 



SiOTA labiata Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 361. 



Icon. Midas fuscicollis Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. pi. 20. 



Midas nigricollis Ibid. pi. 21 (var.) 



MiD.'ls MYSTAX (fem.) — Ibid. pi. 22 (var.) 



specific characters. 



The Hair dusky-brown; beneath red; on the head black; on the 

 nose and margins of the lips, white. 

 Inhabits Brazil. 



This species, as noted above, was arranged by Spix in his genus Midas; 

 and two others were added — the M. fuscicollis, and M. Mjstax. Tem- 

 minck, however, considers them only as varieties, a view which most 

 Naturalists adopt. It is somewhat singular, however, that according to 

 this view, the female (ilf. Mystax, Spix) should be furnished with great 

 white moustaches, an ornament denied to the male. 



The White-lipped Marmouset is very striking in its markings. The 

 back, and outer parts of the arms and legs, are of a dusky-brown colour, 

 speckled with rosy- white; the head, tail, hands, and feet, are black; and 

 the inside of the extremities, and the under parts of the body and tail, 

 are of a beautiful red colour. Finally, the neck is of a reddish-fawn co- 

 lour, and the mouth is surrounded wi'h a circle of white hair which forms 

 a striking contrast with the neighbouring dark parts. It is of smaller di- 

 mensions than the Rufimanus. 



This animal was found at Ollivenza, near a dark-coloured river, in the 

 country of the Tocunos, between the Solimoens and the Ipa. 



10. HAPALE ROSALIA.— SILKY MARMOUSET. 



Syn. Le Marikina Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 106. 



M'DAS Rosalia Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX Jacchus Rosalia. — Desm. 



Mam. 



Si>nA Rosalia. — Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 361. 



Silky Monkey ^Penn. Quadr. No. 14.3. 



Icon. Marikina male. — F. Cuv. et Geoff. Hist. Mam. 



Le Marikina.— Buff. Hist Nat. XV. pi. 16.— Audeb. Sing. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair clear yellow, deeper about the neck ; a long mane. 

 Inhabits Guiana and Brazil. 



The history of this beautiful little animal has scarcely been investigated 

 in its native haunts, the forests of Brazil. The deficiency, however, has, 

 to a certain extent, been supplied by the indefatigable F. Cuvier, who 

 had frequent opportunities of becoming acquainted with it in Paris. Its 

 elegant form, and easy and graceful movements, the intelligent expression 

 which animates its look, its sweet voice, and especially its attachment to 

 those about it, have always made it a favorite. Without the petulance, 

 it has all the vivacity of its congeners. When imported into these cold 

 regions, it must be protected with care from the inclemencies of wea- 

 ther ; it must also be kept with a minute attention to cleanliness, for 

 without this it speedily pines and dies. Accustomed to live in families, 

 solitude appears intolerable; and, therefore, it is most desirable that two 

 or more should be in company. The food they most affect is Insects and 

 sweet fruits, but they may be habituated to live on biscuits and milk. The 

 individual whose habits were studied by M. Cuvier, sought to hide itself 

 on the least alarm, and expressed its fear by a continued whistle. It de- 



