188 



ORDER QUADRUMANA.— GENUS HAPALE. 



lighted in caresses, anrl testified affection, tliough not complete confi- 

 dence ; it came at tlie call of those it knew, and retreated from strangers, 

 displaying its teeth, its only, though far from formidable weapons. Like 

 many Birds it delighted to resort to the highest parts of its cage, descend- 

 ing but seldom, and eating but little. 



This an'mal is generally of a beautiful clear yellow colour, somewhat 

 more gnlden about its neck; its face is naked, and of a deep flesh colour, 

 so are the paws, and in fact the whole skin over the body. The fur is 

 all of one kind, composed of fine silky hair (hence Pennant's name, the 

 Silky Monkey), much longer on the head and neck than in the other 

 parts of the body. This supplies it with a great mane, and from this 

 single point of resemblance it has received from many travellers the name 

 of the Little Lion Monkey, and Leoncito. Its tail is also covered on all 

 sides with long hair. M. Isidore Geoffroy remaiks, that soon after these 

 animals arrive in the colder regions, their bright coat fades, and before 

 death they are usually very pale, leading to the supposition that in ex- 

 treme age they may become white. 



Var. Govanensis ^There is a variety from Guiana, having the tail 



variegated with red and black. 



Var. Brasiliensis. — And another from Brazil, of a deeper red, but 

 having the tail of a uniform colour. 



] 1. HAPALE CHRYSOMELAS.— RED-HEADED MARMOUSET. 



Syn. Le MAEiKtNA noir. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 106. 



Jacchus CHRYSOMELAS — Desm. Mara. 



Midas chrysomelas. — Kuhl Beitr. 

 Icon. HapaLE CHRYSOMELAS (Der Schwarze Lowen-Sahui), Pr. Max. Abbild. 



specific CHARACTERS. ■ 



The Hair black ; on the arms and round the face, bright red ; on the 

 forehead and the upper part of the tail, light yellow. 



Inhabits Brazil. 



Although there are obscure notices of this very remarkable and beauti- 

 ful animal in tlie writings of Desmarest and Kuhl, yet we believe it is 

 chiefly to Prince Maximilian of Neuwied that we are indebted for accu- 

 rate information regarding it. In his work on the Natural History of the 

 Brazils, he remarks, " This exquisite Sahui (the Brazilian name) is one of 

 the most beautiful ornaments of the great primordial forests of the Ilheos 

 and theRioPardo. Thetravellermust proceed for four or five days' journey 

 from the coast before he encounters them, but after this they will be often 

 seen. These small animals, notwithstanding their insignificant dimen- 

 sions, which amount to only six inches and a half for the body, and fif- 

 teen for the tail, have often contributed to our support when we were 

 ranging these vast deserts." 



The face, body, lower limbs, and greater part of the tail, is of a beau- 

 tiful black colour. The hair which surrounds the face and that of the 

 neck is extraordinarily long, and its general colour is of a fiery red, more 

 or less mixed with yellow ; such, too, is the colour of the fore-arm, of the 

 tail, and, though darker, of the upper part of the foot. Near the ear the 

 hue is chestnut colour, and a mixture of this shade pervades the chest. 

 The Prince truly remarks, that could they be domesticated in this country, 

 they would be regarded as beautiful pets. 



la. HAPALE LEONINUS LEONINE MARMOUSET. 



Syn. Midas Leoninus. — Geoff. Ann. Mas. XIX. — Jacchlts Leoninus 



Desm. Mam. 



SiMiA Leonina Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 36. 



Icon. Humb. Obs. Zool. pi. 5. ' 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair olive-brown ; on the back striped with yellowish-white ; 

 a thick mane of olive-brown. 



The Face black ; whitish on the nose and lips. 

 I.VHAEiTS the eastern plains of the Andes. 



This species, which was discovered by Baron Humboldt, has been 

 described by him as of the size of the Red-handed Marmouset ; the upper 

 part of the face is black, the lower, including a part of the nose, whitish. 

 The fur, generally, is of an olive-brown, with a heavy mane of tlie same 

 colour; the back is striped with yellowish-white. The tall, which is of 

 the same length with the body, is black on its upper, and brown on its 

 under side. The hands, feet, and nails, are deep black. 



In its native district this little animal has received the appellation of 

 Leoncito de Mocoa, and hence, probably, its specific name as given by 

 Humboldt. It is a very rare species. It inhabits the plains of the eastern 

 slope of the Cordilleras of the Andes, especially the fertile banks of the 

 Putumays and Coqueta; it never mounts even to the elevation of tern- 



perate regions. It is one of the smallest and most elegant of the Monkeys ; 

 it is gay and playful ; but like many of iis congeners, very irascible. When 

 provoked, it bristles up its mane, so acquiring some kind of resemblance 

 to the African Lion. Our traveller only saw two ; they were kept in a 

 cage, and their movements were so rapid and constant, that he could 

 scarcely take a sketch of them. The Mocoa Indians breed them exten- 

 sively in a domestic state. Their whistle is not unlike the singing of some 

 small birds. 



13. HAPALE CHRYSOPYGUS.— NATTERER'S MARMOUSET. 



S'jn. Midas chrysopygus. — Natterer. 



Icon. Jacchus chrysopygus. — Mikan, Delect. Flor. et Faun. Bras. 



specific characters. 



The Hair black ; on the buttocks, thighs, and inner surface of the 

 legs, golden yellow. 



Inhabits St Paolo, Brazil. 



For our acquaintance with this very striking and elegant little animal, 

 we are indebted to the active Naturahst Natterer, who has sent several 

 specimens to Vienna. In that city it fell under the examination of 

 M. Mikan, who has furnished a most beautiful drawing of it in his superb 

 work on the Flora and Fauna of Brazil. Its size is between ten and 

 eleven inches from the crown of the head to the origin of the tail, which 

 is fourteen inches long. Its face, of a light olive hue, is nearly free from 

 hair ; its forehead is a bright orange. Its long flowing locks divide on 

 the head, and descend gracefully over the back and shoulders. Its body 

 and upper extremities are thickly clad with a shining black vestment ; 

 and its feet and tail are of the same colour : its trowsers, the only re- 

 maining part of its covering, are of a bright golden colour, and have con- 

 ferred upon it the above specific name. 



Of its peculiar habits M. Natterer has sent no accounts, and they are 

 hence unknown. 



U. HAPALE MELANURUS BLACK-TAILED MARMOUSET. 



Syn. Jacchus melanukus. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. — Desm. Mam. 



SiMiA MELANURUS Humb. Obs. Zool. p. 360. 



Icon. 



specific characters. 



The Hair yellowish-brown above, greyish-yellow beneath ; on the 

 tail, black. 



Inhabits Brazil. 



This animal, of whose habits nothing is yet known, is of a yellowish- 

 brown above, becoming deeper on the lumbar region, and also on the 

 head. The face is brown ; beneath the neck, breast, and belly, the hair 

 is of a greyish-yellow ; the limbs are still browner than the head ; and 

 the anterior surface of the thighs is of a yellowish colour, which reaches 

 to the haunches, and is divided off from the brown of the liinder parts 

 by an oblique line ; the tail is of a uniform brownish-black. 



According to M. Kuhl, this species serves to connect the Proper Mar- 

 mousets with the Tainarins. 



DOUBTFUL species. 



1. The Fair Monkey (Penn. Quadr. No. 145), which is identical 

 with Le Mico, illustrated by Buffon, Hist. Nat. XV. pi. 18, and by 

 Audeb. Sing., — the Jacchus argentatus of Geoffroy and Desmarest, and 

 the SiMiA ARGENTATA of Liunseus and Humboldt — is very plausibly con- 

 jectured by Isidore Geoffioy-St-Hilaire to be an albino variety of the 

 Black-tailed Marmouset just described. It is of a uniform silvery white; 

 the tail black ; the face and hands reddish. Kuhl notices a specimen with 

 the tail also white. 



2. Jacchus albicollis (Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. pi. 25) is con- 

 jectured by some writers to be a variety of the Common Marmouset. The 

 auricular pencils of the hinder part of the head, neck, and throat, are 

 white ; the fore-part of the head is brown, mixed with white hairs. 



3. MiDAS PYGMiEus (Spix, Ibid. pi. 24, fig. 2), of a diminutive size, 

 variegated with yellow and grey above, reddish beneath ; the tail, which 

 is longer than the body, is annulated with black and yellow. Found on 

 the banks of the Solimoens. 



4. Midas bicolor (Spix, Ibid. pi. 24, fig 1), with the head, neck, breast, 

 and fore limbs, white, the remainder brown ; the tail ferrugineous. Found 

 near the Rio Negro. 



imaginary species. 



1. Midas foscicollis (Spix, Ibid. pi. 20), a male. 



2. Midas nigeicollis (Ibid. pi. 28), a male. 



3. Midas mystax (Ibid. pi. 29), a female. 



These are varieties of Hapale labiatus already described. 



