194 



ORDER QUADRUMANA— GENUS OTOLICNUS. 



and snap, and becoming attached to its master. Its odour is far from 

 being agreeable. 



To tliis already somewhat extended account, we cannot omit a valu- 

 able contribution made to our knowledge, of the anatomical structure of 

 tbis animal, by Sir Anthony Carlisle, and communicated by him to 

 Dr Shaw. Becoming possessed of the body of a tardigradits, he injected 

 the arterial system, and discovered an unusual appearance in the great 

 arterial trunks proceeding to all the limbs. " Immediately," he remarks, 

 " after the great artery from the body (subclavian) has penetrated the arm- 

 pit, it is divided into twenty-three equal-sized cylinders, which closely sur- 

 round the principal trunk of the artery, now diminished in size to an in- 

 considerable vessel. The cylindrical arteries accompany each other, and 

 divide with the two principal branches of the fore-arm (the radial and ul- 

 nar), being distributed in their routes upon the muscles, each of which has 

 one of these cylinders. The other branches, for example, the radial and 

 ulnar, proceed like the arteries in general ; disposing themselves upon the 

 skin, membranes, bones, &c., in an arborescent form. The great artery 

 of the inferior extremity, the iliac, in the same way divides itself on the 

 margin of the pelvis into upwards of twenty equal-sized cylinders, also 

 surrounding the main trunk ; these vessels are also finally distributed as 

 in the upper extremity ; the cylinders wholly upon the muscles, and the 

 arborescent branches on all the other parts. It would be of some import, 

 ance," adds Sir Anthony, " to ascertain whether the other slow-moving 

 quadrupeds have any peculiar arrangement of the arteries of their limbs. 

 This solitary fact is hardly sufficient for the foundation of any theoretical 

 explanation of the slow movement of these muscles ; if, however, it 

 should be corroborated by similar circumstances in other animals, a new 

 light may be thrown upon muscular motion by tracing a connection be- 

 tween the kind of action produced in a muscle, and the condition of its 

 vascularity or supply of blood." — {Shaw's Gen. Zoology, Vol. I. p. 91.) 



These animals are sometimes found with two of the upper incisors 

 wanting. 



Var. Geiseus. — Gkey Sloth Loris. 



There is a larger variety, found in Bengal, called Bru samundi by the 

 natives. It is grey, with the dorsal stripe entirely black. 



2. STENOPS GRACILIS SLENDER LORIS. 



Sij7u Le LORis GKELE Cuv. Reg. Anim. L 108. 



Loris gracilis. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 16i. — Desm. Mam. 



LoRis Ceylonicus Fiscli.' Anat. Mak., pi. 7 (skeleton). 



LoBis Shaw, Gen. Zool. I. 



Icon. Le Lokis grele Audeb. Sing. 



lORls.— Buff. Hist. Nat. XIII., pi. 30 Seb.^ Thes. L, pi. 35, fig, I 



(male), fig. 2 (fem.) 



.I/gMUR TARDiGRADUs. — Sphreb. Saiigth., pi. 38. 



specific CHARACTERS. 



The Hair reddish-brown above, whitish beneath; a white spot on the 

 forehead ; circle round the eyes red. The Tail wanting. 

 Inhabits Ceylon. 



This animal is smaller than the preceding, and has its nose more 

 elevated, owing chiefly to the projection of the intermaxillary bones. 

 From this difference, M. Geoffrey was led to form his genus Nyc- 

 tjcebus of the former species, and his genus Loris of the latter. 



The information we possess concerning this Slender Loris is but scanty, 

 more especially respecting its habits and mode of life. Seba remarks, that 

 it has an acute sense of smell ; lives upon the seeds of lofty trees, which 

 the male always tastes before offering to his mate. 



Audebert counted four mammEe- upon the female, although there were 

 two glands only. The dimensions of the animal were small, the head 

 and trunk extending only to five inches. The head is flat, but when gar- 

 nished with hair, appears capacious and round. The eyes are very lari'e 

 and prominent, and the eye-lashes conspicuous. The muzzle is about 

 half an inch long; the snout prominent, projecting over the mouth, whose 

 upper hp is somewhat cleft. The ears are large, round; very concave, 

 and almost naked. The arms are very long and slender ; the hands are 

 only an inch long, and the fingers are armed with short and- flat nails. 

 The legs are as slender as the arms, and somewhat longer; the feet being 

 twice as long as the hands. The great toe is very strong ; and has a 

 striking tubercle between it and the next, as may be also seen on the 

 hand. This Loris has neither tail nor tubercle answering to it. The fur 

 covering the head, neck, back, and external portions of the extremities, is 



of a reddish-brown colour, and this colour surrounds the eyes; there is a 

 grey spot in the middle of the forehead, extending to the temples and 

 cheeks ; the muzzle is naked and flesh-coloured. The fur upon the ex- 

 tremities is very thin ; and the whole of the under part of the body of a 

 light yellowish-grey colour. 



3. STENOPS POTTO.— BOSMAN'S LORIS. 



Syn. Lemur Potto Linn. Gmel. I. 42. 



Nycticebus Potto Geoff. Ann. Mus. XIX. 165. 



Galago Guineensis. — -Desm. Mam. No. 127. 

 Icon. Potto. — Bosm.^ Guin. II. pi. 4.. 



specific characters. 



The Hair reddish in the adult ; grey in the young. The Tail of me- 

 dium length. 



Inhabits Guinea. 



To this genus we may refer the Potto of Bosman — an animal 

 having the same remarkably slow movements as the Sloths and Lo- 

 rises. [Cuvier considers it to be a Galago, and Temminck a 

 Loris.] 



This species seems very obscure, known only by Bosman's description 

 and figure in his account of Guinea. He mentions that the animal is 

 called Potto by the natives, and Sloth by Europeans, on account of the 

 extreme slowness of its movements. He tells us it is scarcely able to 

 walk ten paces a day ; that it eats up all the fruit and leaves of a tree, 

 thus becoming fat, after which it grows lean, and is in danger of starving, 

 before it climbs a second tree. All this he narrates not from personal 

 knowledge, but from the testimony of the Negroes. Its figure bears some 

 resemblance to the S. tardigradus, but it is represented with a tail of some 

 length. He adds, " This animal is so ugly and hideous, that I scarcely 

 believe its match can be found in any part of the world. On the ground 

 it crawls like a Reptile. Its hands bear a close resemblance to those of 

 Man ; its head is very large in proportion to its body. The robe of the 

 young is of the same colour as that of the Rat, through which its smooth 

 and glistening skin is seen ; that of the old is red and tufted like wool." 



doubtful species. 



1. Nycticebus Javanicds of Geoffroy (Ann. Mus. XIX,) and others, 

 was found in Java by Leschenault de la Tour. It differs from the Sloth 

 Loris merely in having the dorsal line deeper, and the muzzle more pointed. 

 Probably it is only a variety of Stenops tardigradus. 



2. Nycticebus Ceylonicus of Geoffroy (loc. cit.), figured in Seba's 

 Thesaurus, I., pi. 47, under the name of Cercopithecus Zeylonicus, seu tar- 

 digradus dictus major, — is said to be dark brown approaching to black ; the 

 back entirely black ; the tail very short. As its specific name denotes, it 

 inhabits Ceylon. 



GENUS IV. OTOLICNUS.— GALAGOES. 



S]fn. Les Galago (in part) — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 109. 



Otolicnus Illig. Prodr. 74:. 



Galago (in part). — Geoff. Ann. BIus. XIX. 165 rDesm. Mam. 



generic characters. 



The Head round. The Muzzle short. The Eyes very large, ap- 

 proximated, and directed forwards. The Ears long, naked, and mem- 

 braneous. 



The Dental Formula, as in the Genus Lemur (see page 189), some- 

 times, by abortion, '|l + C-j-(3 F+3)^I^16^3 

 •^ l3 + C+(2 F+3)M Ici 



The Tarsus three times the length of the metatarsus.. 



The Tail long and busby. 



The Mamma; two. Habits nocturnal. 



The First Finger only of the hinder hand with a claw. 



Inhabit the African continent and Madagascar. 



These animals have the teeth and the insectivorous diet of the Lo- 

 rises; but their elongated tarsi give to their hinder limbs a dispro- 

 portionate length. Their tail is long and bushy, their ears ex- 

 panded and membraneous, while their large eyes indicate that their 

 habits are strictly nocturnal. Several species are known, all from 

 Africa. 



In every part of their frame the Galagoes bear a close resemblance to 



1 FiscH. Anat. Mak — Gotthelf Fischer's Anatomie der Maki, unrt der ihnen verwandten Thiere. Frankfurt am Main, 1804. 

 « See. This.— A, Seba;. locupletissimi renim naturalium Thesauri accuraia descriptio. Amsterdam, 1734- 1765. , 

 3 Bosji. GuiN. — Reise nach Guinea durch W. Bosman. Hamburo, 1708. 



