ORDER CHIROPTERA— GENUS PTEROPUS. 



femur, are chestnut, passing into blackish on the abdomen, and near the 

 humerus; the membranes are black. The female differs from the male 

 in having the back of a shining black colour, the loins of a lively chestnut, 

 and the inferior parts dark chestnut. 



8. PTEROPUS MACKLOTII MACKLOT'S ROUSSETTE. 



Syn. Roussette de Macklot Pteropus Macklotii. — Temm. Mon. Btam. 



II. pi. 69. 

 Icon. Temm. Mon. Mam. II. pi. 35, fig. 5. 



specific characters. 



The Hair on the back brick red ; elsewhere yellow or brown. 

 The Ears large and naked. 



An Odoriferous Gland, covered by a bunch of coarse hairs on each 

 side of the neck, in the male only. 



Inhabits the Moluccas and New Guinea. 



This species, like the former, has not hitherto been introduced to the 

 notice of the English reader. It rests upon the same respectable author- 

 ity as the preceding, the late M. Macklot having published an account 

 of it. 



The expanse across the wings is less, in proportion to the length of the 

 body, than in Edwards' Roussette, (No. 3,) though it is not so short and 

 stout as in some which have been enumerated. The interfemoral mem- 

 brane is of medium breadth, extending along the tibia and femur, and 

 uniting round the coccyx, the membrane only being partially hid by the 

 fur. The ears are large and naked. In the male there is a great bunch 

 of coarse oily hairs upon the side of the neck, covering an odoriferous 

 gland beneath ; the upper incisors are uniform and well set, the lower 

 are small and crowded ; there is no false molar in the upper jaw, but a large 

 obtuse one in the lower. The robe is long and silky, supplied with 

 woolly hairs at the inferior parts, whilst those of the back and extremi- 

 ties are short and shining ; the lower side of the membrane, from the 

 flanks to the extremity of the fore-arm, is clad with a thick woolly co- 

 vering. 



In the adult male the crown of the head and the nape are pale yellow ; 

 the cheeks and throat, brown ; the chest, golden-brown ; abdomen, 

 chestnut ; sides of the neck and shoulder, golden-yellow ; all the back 

 and the extremities are covered with shining brick-red hair ; the mem- 

 branes possess the colour of a faded leaf. The adult female differs much 

 from the male. It wants the oily apparatus; the crown of the head and 

 nape are of a dull pale yellow, and this colour, shaded with a little brown, 

 pervades the neck, cheeks, and throat ; the chest is in a great degree bare ; 

 all the inferior parts of the body are of a dull yellowish-brown, whilst the 

 back is of a beautiful pale and shining yellow. The females are often 

 larger than the males. 



9. PTEROPUS DASYMALLUS.— THE WOOLLY ROUSSETTE. 



Syn. Roussette Laineuse Pteropus Dasymallus. — Temm. Mam. I. 180. 



P. Rubricollis. — Sieb. 1 Spicil. Japon. p. 13. 

 Icon. Roussette Laineuse. — Temm. Mon. Mam. I. pi. 10. 



specific characters. 



The Hair brownish or yellowish ; very long and woolly. 



The Interfemoral Membrane rudimentary. The Coccyx free. The 

 Ears small, pointed, and naked. The Membranes covered with hair, 

 except the metatarsal. 



Inhabits Japan. 



The general dimensions of this Roussette are smaller than Edwards' ; 

 and the wings smaller, in proportion to the body, than the rest of the 

 genus. The interfemoral membrane is rudimentary along the posterior 

 extremities, and wanting round the coccyx, being only visible at the heel, 

 and hid elsewhere under the thick fur ; the ears, too, are small, pointed, 

 and very much concealed ; the upper incisors are large, uniformly and 

 regularly set ; the lower are small and in pairs, having no anomalous 

 tooth behind the upper canine, but a broad and bilobed false molar be- 

 hind the lower one ; in all, there are four molars above, and six below. 

 The coat is very woolly, and long throughout ; the side membranes are 

 clad both above and below ; all the extremities are covered with long hair, 

 leaving the metatarsal bones alone covered with a naked membrane ; those 

 on the region of the coccyx are long. 



The face and summit of the head, the cheeks, and regions of the ear, are 

 brown, mixed with grey ; the front and side of the neck, the nape, and 

 all the posterior portion of the neck and shoulders, are of a dull yellowish- 



white ; all the other parts of the body are of a deep brown, the points of 

 the hairs being ochrous. The ears are naked, the points alone being 

 visible. The membranes are dark brown. 



The habitat of this species is Japan, where, according to M. Siebold, it 

 bears the name of Sabaosiki. 



10. PTEROPUS URSINUS URSINE ROUSSETTE. 



Syn. Pteropus Ursinus Kittlitz. 



Roussette a pieds Velus ou Ursine Temm. Mon. Mam. II. p. 70. 



Pteropus Pselaphon G. Tradescant Lay, Zool. Journ. IV. 457. 



Icon. Roussette a pieds Velus ou Ursine Temm. Mon. Mam. II. pi. 37. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair grizzly black, long and bushy. 



The Interfemoral Membrane rudimentary. The Ears very short 

 and pointed. The Membranes and Fingers covered with hair. 

 Inhabits the Bonin Islands, near Japan. 



The first account of this animal was supplied by Mr Tradescant Lay. 

 It was noticed by him in the Island of Bonin, at the time that the 

 Blossom Frigate, commanded by Lord Byron, lay in that station. He 

 was greatly struck with the very great contraction of the pupil under the 

 influence of the solar ray. We extract the following particulars from his 

 interesting account : — " In this blind condition it climbs trees, groping 

 its way up to the topmost branches, where, after extending its claws to 

 learn whether there be another sprig within reach, still higher than its pre- 

 sent situation, it quietly drops its weight upon the hind claws, and there 

 composes itself to rest, apparently with as much felicity as a traveller feels 

 after descending some perilous height. When captured it was often ob- 

 served to sneeze. When thirsty, it descends a tree on the margin of the 

 rill, and after sipping a little refreshment, re-ascends the trunk, and takes 

 its departure from the branches. It is not a bad swimmer. Those which 

 were taken on board the frigate and confined did not discover any sign of 

 fear, and ate, without repining, the fruit that was given them ; and on 

 their being set at liberty, they climbed to the highest part of the rigging, 

 and there found a convenient place for repose." 



The great intolerance of light is a character which is common nearly 

 to all Bats ; and hence the name pselaphon, (alluding to its powers of touch 

 being superior to those of sight,) proposed by Mr Lay, is very far from 

 being specific. The name Ursinus was given by M. Kittlitz, who circum- 

 navigated the globe in a Russian vessel. Mr Lay mentions that this spe- 

 cies sucks the juice without devouring the pulp of fruits. 



This species has a close resemblance to the preceding. The most cha- 

 racteristic differences are to be found in the form of the cranium, in the 

 fingers being covered with hair, and in the length and colour of the robe. 

 The dimensions are somewhat larger in this species, but this is a character 

 not to be depended on. As in the Woolly Roussette, the ears are very 

 short, pointed, and scarcely appear beyond the thick fur with which the 

 whole body, the membranes, and even the feet, are clad. This last cha- 

 racter is the more remarkable, as it not only serves, at first glance, to dis- 

 tinguish the two species, but also as specially characterizing this one from 

 all others ; none besides possessing hair upon the metatarsal region nor upon 

 the fingers. The interfemoral membrane surrounds, in a very rudimentary 

 state, the whole of the coccygeal region ; it is totally hid by the long fur, 

 and is only visible at the heel. The cranium is large, bulging, much con- 

 tracted between the zygomatic arches, which are much stronger and 

 wider than in the preceding species, and the superciliary ridges are more 

 perfect ; the muzzle is shorter and broader ; the teeth are the same. . 



The fur is longer than in the Woolly Roussette, and consists of two 

 kinds, one very bushy, like cotton, and the other very long and silky ; 

 the inner part of the membranes, as well as the feet, are abundantly sup- 

 plied with these hairs. The whole of the cottony furis of a sooty-black 

 colour ; the pubic region and the fingers are deep chestnut ; the whole 

 of the silky hairs have their points greyish, which gives to the whole robe 

 a grizzly black appearance ; the head is quite black, as are all the extre- 

 mities. 



11. PTEROPUS VULGARIS COMMON ROUSSETTE. 



Syn. La Roussette vulgaire. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 114. 



Pteropus vulgaris Geoff. Ann. Mus. XV. 92. — Temm. Mon. Mam. 



I. 182, 11.74. 



Vespertilio Vampyrus Linn. Gmel. I. 



Icon. La Roussette. — Buflbn, Hist. Nat. X. pi. 14, copied in Schreb. Saiigth. 

 pi. 44. 

 Roussette Vulgaire, (Jeune de l'annee.) — Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 

 pi. 38. 



1 Sieb. Spicil. Japon A. Siebold, Dissertatio de Historia Naturalis in Japonia statu, etc., cui accedunt Spicilegia Fauna? Japonicce. Batav. 1824. 



