ORDER CHIROPTERA— GENUS PTEROPUS. 



back ; the thumb is very long. All the membranes are of a deep black 

 colour. The incisors are equal, and symmetrically arranged ; there is a 

 small anormal tooth in the upper jaw, and a larger one in the lower, with 

 four molars above, and five below. The fur lies close on the hack, and is 

 brown ; it is more copious, and somewhat more curled, on the nape of the 

 neck and inferior parts. The hairs on the middle of the back are nearly 

 black, but mixed with a few ash-coloured, whilst on the sides of the back, 

 towards the limit of the portion covered with hair, there is a long band in 

 form of a cross, the ash-colour of which predominates over the black. 

 The whole of the nape, as well as the shoulders, are covered with a 

 frizzly fur of a pale reddish-yellow, which half collar terminates in a point 

 at the sides of the chest. The head and throat are a very deep fawn 

 brown ; the chest has a russet tinge, and all the other inferior parts are 

 black, mixed with grey hairs. The ears are very small, and somewhat 

 rounded; the long coccygeal hairs hide the rudimentary membrane with 

 which it is surrounded. Temminck states that he has seen individuals 

 in which the yellow collar is of a lighter colour, and others in which it is 

 ash-coloured. 



This species has been found only in the Marian Islands. 



16. PTEROPUS DUSSUMIERI DUSSUMIER'S ROUSSETTE. 



Syn. Roussette Dussumier Pteropus Dussumieri. — Isid. Geoff, in 



Belangcr, Voy. aux Indes Orient, p. 98. — Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 

 76. 



Icon. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair of the face and nape brown ; on the chest russet brown ; on 

 the back and abdomen a mixture of brown and white. 

 Inhabits Amboyna and the Indian Continent. 



M. Isidore Geoffrey- St- Hilaire has supplied a description of this Rous- 

 sette discovered in the Continent of India by the distinguished Naturalist 

 whose name it bears. The face and throat are brown ; the abdomen and 

 back with a mixture of brown and white hairs ; those on the back lie 

 close. The upper part of the chest is russet brown ; and the sides of 

 the neck, and all the space on the posterior aspect of the body, from the 

 ears to the insertion of the wings, are of a reddish fawn colour. The 

 reddish marking of its throat, and anterior part of the neck, distinguish it 

 from the previous species, (Keraudren's.) 



Amboyna and the Indian Continent are considered its native regions. 



17. PTEROPUS VANIKORENSIS.— THE VANIKORO 

 ROUSSETTE. 



Syn. Roussette de Vanikoro Pteropus Vanikorensis Quoy et Gaim. 



Zool. de l'Astr. p. 77 Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 78. 



Icon. Roussette de Tonga. — Quoy et Gaim. Zool. de l'Astr. pi. 9, Male. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair, on the neck and shoulders, yellowish-red ; on the back 



The Membranes dark brown. Interfemoral Membrane narrow and 

 much sloped. The Head large. The Muzzle short and cylindrical. 

 The Ears long, black, and pointed. 



Inhabits Vanikoro. 



The Roussette of the Vanikoro Island, according to Quoy and Gai- 

 mard, is about the size of Keraudren's, (No. 15.) It differs from it, however, 

 in having a shorter muzzle, which is most conspicuous in the crania. Its 

 robe is lighter in colour and less silky; its head less black ; and its collar 

 or cloak, fawn-red, descends further on the back. The head is large, the 

 forehead rounded ; the muzzle large and cylindrical ; the nostrils well se- 

 parated, the ears long, black, and pointed. The muzzle and cheeks are 

 of a reddish-brown colour, which becomes darker on the crown. The 

 occiput and sides of the neck, as well as the shoulders, are of a yellowish- 

 red, and all the back brown mixed with grey. The under part of the 

 neck is reddish-brown ; the abdomen is brown, with some hairs longer 

 than others and whitish ; those of the arm are long and sleek ; on part of 

 the fore-arm there is a scanty wool of a deep red colour. The membranes 

 are of a brown, almost black; the interfemoral is narrow, and much 

 sloped. The nails of the feet appear smaller than usual. 



In Vanikoro, where it is called Lequebi. it does not appear to be very 

 abundant. 



18. PTEROPUS TONGANUS THE TONGA ROUSSETTE. 



Syn. Roussette de Tonga — Pteropus Tonganus Quoy et Gaim. Zool. de 



l'Astr. p. 74 Temm. Mon. Mam. II. p. 79. 



Icon. Roussette de Tonga. — Zool.de l'Astr. pi. 8 Female and white va- 

 riety, cranium and teeth, &c. 



specific characters. 



The Hair, on the abdomen, brown ; on the shoulders bright red ; on 

 the back black. 



The Muzzle black. The Ears black and pointed. The Interfe- 

 moral Membrane sloping towards the heel. The Membranes brown. 



Inhabits Tonga-tabou, one of the Friendly Islands. 



Quoy and Gaimard are again our only authorities for this Roussette. 

 They report it to be of medium size between Keraudren's and Dussu- 

 mier's. Its collar does not quite meet in front as in the former of these. 

 The abdomen is brown, somewhat red, and without any mixture of white 

 hairs. The wings are lighter; the muzzle, differently coloured, is more 

 pointed, which imparts a fierce look to the animal. The back of the 

 head, and as far down as the shoulders, is of a bright red ; the cheeks and 

 muzzle are sombre red, becoming still darker upon the middle of the head; 

 the back is almost black ; the throat and abdomen of a deep brown, with 

 a few reddish markings. The hair on the posterior part of the body is 

 long, thick, and abundant ; that of the nape is somewhat shaggy, whilst 

 that of the back is silky and lies close ; that on the abdomen is coarser 

 and more woolly. The muzzle is black, as are the nostrils. The ears are 

 black, of medium size, and rather pointed. The long hairs about the 

 mouth and eyes are also black. The arms and thighs are thinly clad with 

 short hair. The superbrachial membrane is covered in front with a few 

 soft hairs ; the interfemoral, acutely sloping, extends to the heel ; the 

 thumb and its claw are proportionally larger, and that of the fore-finger 

 is also strong; all the claws and membranes are brown. 



The individual from which the above description was taken was a 

 young one, as was also another characterized as a white variety. In this 

 latter there is a close general similarity, extending even to the character 

 of the fur. The chief differences are in the colour. That of the abdo- 

 men is light red; the ears, nails, and membranes, are of a pale yellowish- 

 white. The teeth are as in Keraudren's. 



These Roussettes were found in great abundance upon the Island of 

 Tonga-tabou, one of the Friendly Islands group. They peculiarly de- 

 light in the Casuarina tree, where they assemble in hundreds. They fly 

 about in bright day, and in spite of the intensity of the light, as has an^udy 

 been remarked of several other species. 



19. PTEROPUS GRISEUS THE GREY ROUSSETTE. 



Syn. La Roussette Grise. — Pteropus Griseus. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XV. 

 9i.— Temm. Mon. Mam. I. 187, II. 81. 



Icon. La Roussette Grise Geoff. Ann. Mus. T. XV. pi. C. 



Roussette Grise Temm. Mon. Mam. I. pi. 11, II. pL 35, fig. 6, 



(head.) 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Alar Membranes commencing very near the mesial line. The 

 Interfemoral Membrane small in the members, and partly concealed at 

 the coccyx. The Ears very short and pointed. 



The Hair brown, varied with red and grey. 



Inhabits the Island of Timor. 



The Grey Roussette is about seven or eight inches long, and measures 

 two feet across the wings ; the ears are very short and pointed ; the side 

 membrane rises from very nearly the mesial line of the back ; the interfe- 

 moral membrane is small on the members, and rudimentary and partly hid 

 at the coccyx. The upper incisors are small, and regularly arranged ; the 

 inferior in pairs, and at a considerable distance from each other ; the su- 

 perior molars exhibit the fine point of a false one, though scarcely visible 

 to the naked eye ; there is a small false molar below, which is obtuse ; 

 the false molars, after shedding, leave no traces behind. In the old male the 

 markings are as follow : Middle of the abdomen brown, the end of hairs be- 

 ing tipt with grey ; flanks greyish ; head grey, shaded with light brown ; 

 nape, sides, and front of the neck, beautiful chestnut, passing on the shoul- 

 ders to a golden hue ; the rest of the upper parts being light grey, from the 

 points being white ; there is no vestige of a bushy tuft for the oily secre- 

 tion in the neck. The old female is nearly wholly white ; the abdomen 

 preserving a slight grey, and the back and sides of the neck a reddish hue. 

 The common livery, however, of the adult is the head, nape, and part of 

 the shoulders, reddish white or bright red ; descending from the shoulders 

 all the other superior parts are of a greyish brown ; the fur having the 

 brown tint of wine-lees, and the shining hairs being whitish grey ; it is 

 somewhat crisp at the coccyx ; the cheeks and chin are of a dark greyish- 

 brown ; front of the neck a very light red ; the other inferior parts have 

 an isabella hue, the middle of the abdomen russet. Such are the mark- 

 ings of the greatest number of adult and old females. 

 This species was discovered by Peron at Timor. 

 20. PTEROPUS PERSONATUS.— THE MASKED ROUSSETTE. 

 Syn. Roussette Masquee— Pteropus Personatus — Temm. Mon. Main. 



I. 189. 

 Icon. 



