12 



ORDER CHIROPTERA.— GENUS PACHYSOMA. 



retreat except at the twilight, or after dark. Holes and crevices of trees 

 are their habitual residences ; their flight is rapid but irregular; their cry 

 strong, and very piercing ; and their bite painful. A penetrating and pe- 

 culiar odour extends widely around them. 



I. PACHYSOMA TITTH^CHEILUM.— WART-LIPPED STOUT- 

 BODIED ROUSSETTE. 



Syn. Pteropus titth^cheilus, (Roussette Mammilevre.) — Temm. Mon. 



Mam. I. 198. 

 Pachysome mammilevre Isid. Geoff", in Diet. Class. d'Hist. Nat. (art. 



Roussette. ) 

 Icon. Temm. Mon. Mam. II. pi. 35, fig. 8, (head.)— I. pi. 15, fig. 17 to 24, 



(crania and teeth.) 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair russet-brown above, grey beneath ; on the neck, nape, and 

 sides of the chest, bright rose colour, in the males only. 



The Upper Lip with two large warts separated by a furrow. 

 The Tail short, enveloped, the point free. 



The Interfemoral Membrane deeply sloped, naked beneath only. 

 Inhaeits Java, Sumatra, Cochin-China, and probably India. 



This Stout-bodied Roussette is about the size of the Pteropus JEgyp- 

 tiacus, (No. 23,) or a trifle larger. A small portion of the front of the 

 neck is naked ; the muzzle is short, the eye nearer the nostrils than the ear ; 

 this appendage is small, keel-shaped towards the point of the posterior 

 margin, marked with transverse ridges towards its base, and fringed 

 with a white border. The nostrils are widely separated, somewhat tu- 

 bular ; on the upper-lip there are two large warts, separated by a furrow, 

 and the lining membrane of both are dotted with small papillae. The tail 

 is short, nearly wholly enveloped in the interfemoral membrane, its slender 

 termination being alone free. The interfemoral membrane, deeply sloped, 

 is clad above ; whilst its other surface, together with the four extremities, 

 are naked. The incisors are slender and contiguous, the lower ones 

 somewhat crowded ; there is a small anormal molar in both jaws ; the 

 canines have a strong internal heel. The fur is fine, sleek, and very short, 

 with the exception of that on the sides of the neck, and longer in the male 

 than the female. The former has a tuft of diverging hair proceeding from 

 a common centre, on each side of the neck, placed over odoriferous 

 glands. 



In the male, the front of the neck, the tufts, the nape, and the sides of 

 the chest, are of a beautiful rosy tint, more or less lively, and verging to 

 orange in the old ; the superior parts of the body are russet-brown, the 

 abdomen grey. The female, which is always larger than the male, has 

 the superior parts of a greyish-brown, inclining to olive ; the under are 

 olive-grey ; the front of the neck and upper part of the chest are naked, 

 and the fringe round the ear is less distinct than in the male. Theyoung 

 of "a year old are throughout of a very light brownish-grey, and the tufts 

 are whitish. The secretion from this glandular apparatus has a strong 

 odour, which is more offensive at particular seasons of the year. 



2. PACHYSOMA MELANOCEPHALUM BLACK-HEADED 



STOUT-BODIED ROUSSETTE. 



Syn. Pteropus melanocephalus, (Roussette melanocephale.) — Temm. 



Mon. Mam. I. 190. 

 Pachysome melanocephale. — Isid. Geoff, in Diet. Class. d'Hist. Nat. 



(art. Roussette.) — Belang. Voy. p. 97. 

 Icon. Temm. Mon. Mam. I. pi. 12 II. pi. 36, fig. 10, (head.) 



specific characters. 



The Hair yellowish-white, tipped with grey above ; dull pale yellow 

 beneath ; the head black. 



The Tail wanting. The Interfemoral Membrane rudimentary, and 

 nearly concealed. 



Inhabits Java. 



We owe the discovery of this very small species, scarcely three inches 

 long, to M. Von Hasselt, who first became acquainted with it during a 

 journey in the least frequented parts of the Island of Java ; the district 

 was mountainous, but he found a small family of them suspended upon a 

 tree. It is quite destitute of a caudal appendage; its ears are small, short, 

 and round; the interfemoral membrane rudimentary, and nearly hid by the 

 hair. The muzzle is very short ; the incisors contiguous and symmetri- 

 cally arranged, the anormal tooth in both jaws is well marked. The fur 

 is long and abundant, except on the front of the neck ; even the fore-arms 

 and the legs are well clad. The hair upon the back is yellowish-white, 

 tipt with dark grey ; the nape, crown, and muzzle, are black ; there is a 

 tuft on each side of the neck ; all the under parts of the body are of a dull 

 pale yellow ; the skin itself is of a deep brown colour. 



3. PACHYSOMA BREVICAUDATUM SHORT-TAILED STOUT- 



BODIED ROUSSETTE. 



Syn. Pachysome a courte queue, (P. brevicaudatum.)— Temm. Mon. Mam. 

 II. 92.— Isid. Geoff, in Diet. Class. d'Hist. Nat. (art. Roussette.) 

 Icon. Temm. Mon. Mam. II. pi. 35, fig. 9, (head.) 



specific characters. 



The Hair reddish-olive above ; grey beneath ; the neck bright red ; the 

 head ash-grey. 



The Tail very short. 



Inhabits Sumatra and the Continent of India. 



This species might readily be confounded with our No. 1, (P. titthes- 

 cheilum,) as far as regards its markings and the tufts on the neck ; but it is 

 at once distinguished by the extreme shortness of the tail, which does not 

 extend beyond the interfemoral membrane more than half a line. The 

 head is small, the muzzle very short and obtuse, the margin of the ear is 

 fringed as in No. 1. The incisors are small, and symmetrically arranged; 

 the canines are large and obtuse. The fur on the sides of the neck is long 

 and strong, hiding the secreting apparatus ; the under parts are furnished 

 with silky hairs ; in the adult, frequently the chin and front of the neck 

 are almost naked. In the adult male the head is an ash-grey ; the sides 

 of the neck bright red, the chest and abdomen grey, the flanks russet, the 

 superior parts of an olive tint, more or less verging to red. In the female 

 there are the following differences ; the long hair of the neck is reddish- 

 grey, and the under parts are ash-coloured, whilst olive-brown prevails 

 above. This species was first particularly described by M. Isidore Geof- 

 froy, and was captured by Messrs Diard and Duvaucel in the Island of 

 Sumatra. It has also been procured from India. 



4. PACHYSOMA ECAUDATUM.— BLUNT-NOSED STOUT- 

 BODIED ROUSSETTE. 



Syn. Pachysome ecaude, (P. ecaudatum.) — Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 94. 

 Icon. 



specific characters. 



The Hair dark brown above, ash-grey beneath. 



The Muzzle obtuse. Nostrils projecting. The Tail wanting. 



Inhabits Sumatra. 



The name applied by M. Temminck to this newly introduced species 

 will not be regarded fortunate, when it is considered that the Melanoce- 

 phalum, which has long been known, is likewise destitute of the tail. 

 This species is, however, remarkable for the shortness of its alar mem- 

 branes, the great obtuseness of its muzzle, its projecting nostrils, and for 

 having no fringe on the margin of the ear. Only one individual has been 

 examined, and this an old female. Its fur was very short, of a pale grey 

 colour at the nape and the sides of the neck, and sooty-brown on the head, 

 and over the rest of the superior parts ; the ears are black, and without 

 margins. The under parts of the body were of an ash-grey colour. The 

 membranes are brown, and so are the fingers which support them. 



This specimen came from Sumatra. 



5. PACHYSOMA DIARDII DIARD'S STOUT-BODIED 



ROUSSETTE. 



Syn. Pachysome de Diard, (Pachysoma Diardh.) — Isid. Geoff, in Diet, 



Class. d'Hist. Nat., art Roussette. 

 Icon, 



specific characters. 



The Hair brown above ; whitish or yellowish beneath ; the fore part 

 of the neck naked. 



The Face very ohtuse. The Tail long ; free for two-thirds of its 

 length. 



Inhabits Sumatra. 



This species was discovered by Messrs Diard and Duvaucel in Sumatra, 

 and first described by M. Geoftroy. Its fur is very short ; brown on the 

 head, back, and arms, grey round the neck, and on the middle of the ab- 

 domen, and greyish-brown on the flanks. Its tail is rather long, and ex- 

 tends seven or eight lines beyond the interfemoral membrane. Its face is 

 very obtuse, and there is a naked spot on the front of the neck. 



doubtful species. 



1. Pachysoma Duvabcelii, (Isid. Geoff, in Diet. Class. d'Hist. Nat., 

 art. Roussette.) This species has very slender claims to be considered 

 as real ; and Temminck, from actual examination, thought it belonged to 

 P. titlhcecheilum, our No. 1. 



