14 



ORDER CHIROPTERA.— GENUS CEPHALOTES. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair clear ash-brown above, whitish beneath ; on the tubes of 

 the nose, ears, and tail, bright yellowish-brown. 



The Membranes yellowish-red, marked with irregular whitish spots. 

 The Interfemoral cleft in the middle, partly covering the tail. The 

 Tail short. 



Inhabits Amboyna. 



Pallas' Tube-nosed Ronssette possesses the same dimensions with the 

 Common Bat of Europe, Vespertilio murimis. Its head is nearly oval ; its 

 muzzle short and broad ; its nostrils prolonged into two diverging tubes, 

 which are round, cleft in the outer side, and terminated by a projecting 

 border. The upper lip also is cleft, and supplied with a double row of 

 small whiskers; there is also a short tuft of hairs above the eyes. The ears 

 are wide apart, naked, round, and short ; there is a hooked nail upon the 

 fore-finger, as well as upon the thumb, of which the half is enveloped in the 

 alar membrane ; the tail is covered above, and half concealed by the inter- 

 femoral membrane, which is broad, and supported by the cartilages of the 

 tarsi, which are short. The membranes of the wings arise from the sides ; 

 they are very large, and completely cover the metatarsal bones, attaching 

 themselves to the middle finger, differing in this particular from all the 

 known Chiroptera. The Anatomical details perfectly agree with those 

 of the Roussettes, and, especially as regards the cranium, with the Pachy- 

 somata 



The fur is somewhat long, and frizzled above ; short and smooth be- 

 low; the upper part of the fore-arm, the larger half of the arm, and the 

 flank membranes are clad. In the male the superior parts are of a 

 clear brownish-grey, whilst a deep brown line runs from the coccyx to the 

 nape; at this point it divaricates to the shoulders. In the female the 

 whole of the upper part of the fur is of a greyish-brown, more or less 

 deep, and the dorsal line does not divide as in the male. In both the 

 sexes the cheeks, chest, and the middle of the abdomen, are of an ash- 

 white colour; the lower part of the arms and sides ash-coloured, tinted 

 as with wine lees. The nasal tubes, ears, and tail, are of a clear yellowish- 

 brown ; the membranes are of a yellowish-red, irregularly marked with 

 whitish spots ; the iris is bright brown. 



The habits of this Ronssette are wholly unknown. The elder Natu- 

 ralists describe it as coming from the Moluccas ; MM. Macklot and 

 Miiller sent it from Amboyna. 



DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 



M. Rafinesque-Smaltz, in his Prodrome de Somiologie, has described a re- 

 markable species of Bat from the Island of Sicily, under the name ol Cephalo- 

 tes t^niotis. It has two incisors in the upper jaw, and none in the lower ; 

 the canines and molars are pointed ; there is no projecting crest upon the 

 nose, and the tail is free for one half of its length. The fur is entirely of 

 a greyish-brown, and a wart appears between the two incisors of the upper 

 jaw. At present it remains doubtful whether this Bat should be referred 

 to Harpyia or Cephalotes, or even whether it may not form the type of a 

 distinct genus. 



GENUS V. CEPHALOTES— CEPHALOTES. 



Syn. Cephalotes.— Geoff. Ann. Mus. XV. 101.— Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 

 103. 

 Hypoderma. — Isid. Geoff, in Diet. Class. XIV. (art. Roussette.) 



GENERIC CHARACTERS. 



The Head very thick. The Muzzle short and truncated. The 

 Nostrils slightly tubular, large. The Upper Lip cleft by a deep furrow. 



The Alar Membrane enveloping the entire body in a single piece, and 

 adhering to the spine only by a transparent membrane. 



The Thumb Nail partly covered by the membrane. 



The Index having the third phalanx, but without a Claw. 



The Dental Formula varying according to the age — 



In ,he Young \^±^i±^ =14=32 



° 12+C-L. (F+5) M 18 



In the Adult T + C +^ M 



12 



U-L.C4. (F+5) M 16" 



■|J + C+4_M _!?- 



~ 7C+"(F+5) M — 14~ 

 Inhabits the East Indian Archipelago. 



=28 



In the Old r-±£±i» ro =iS=S 



In accordance with the observations of M. Geoffroy, we again 

 separate the Cephalotes from the Roussettes, with which they agree 

 in having the same kind of molar teeth, but the index, although hav- 

 ing three phalanges, like the preceding, wants the claw. The alar 



membranes, instead of arising from the sides, unite together in the 

 central axis of the back, to which they adhere by a vertical and 

 longitudinal hinge. Their incisors [being variable according to 

 age] are often only two in number. 



The general form of the cranium of the Cephalotes resembles that of 

 the Roussettes, but differs from them, as well as in Pachysoma, Har- 

 pyia, and all the other known Chiroptera, in possessing a very remarkable 

 apparatus which takes the place of the intermaxillary bones, and which, 

 with the Rhinolophus, to be afterwards noticed, exhibits an anomaly 

 which is altogether peculiar. In this animal the intermaxillary bone is 

 represented by two ossicula, detached from the maxillaries, and each 

 supporting a small tooth ; these little bones are shaped somewhat like an 

 S, are three lines long, depressed, and united to the extremity of the nasal 

 bones by a cartilage close to the origin of the teeth. The muscular at- 

 tachments confer on these bones, and consequently upon the teeth, the 

 power of moving backwards and forwards, whilst in the other genus al- 

 luded to, the motion is upwards and downwards ; both, however, being 

 remarkable examples of moveable incisors in the class Mammalia. Be- 

 sides this anomalous peculiarity, and wanting the nail of the fore-finger, 

 the Cephalotes is also destitute of the fibular bone, and has fourteen pair 

 of ribs. The remarkably strong and disagreeable odour which this ani- 

 mal exhales is probably produced by the secretions of the two consider- 

 able glands of the cheek, the upper part of which, covered by the skin, 

 is of a beautiful red colour. 



The external forms present another peculiarity of this genus which is 

 not less striking. The wings do not spring from the sides as in the ma- 

 jority of the Chiroptera, or even from a small distance from the spinal 

 ridge, as is the case with a few species of the Roussette, but the skin ex- 

 tends continuously over the whole body of the animal, thus completely en- 

 veloping it as with a cloak; it is confined solely by a diaphanous integu- 

 ment, adhering to the skin of the trunk along the dorsal ridge, and about 

 a line in breadth. Only half of the thumb is enveloped in the membrane, 

 a character which, along with Pachysoma and Harpyia, distinguishes 

 it from the Roussettes. The alar membrane takes its inferior attach- 

 ment as high up as the metatarsal bones, and does not cover any of these 

 bones, as in the Harpyia ; the toes are totally free as in the Roussettes. 



1. CEPHALOTES PERONII — PERON'S CEPHALOTE. 



Syn. La Cephalote de Pekon. — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XV. 104. — Cuv. Reg. 

 Anim. I. 1 14. 

 Hypoderma Peronii.— Isid. Geoff, in Diet. Class. XIV. 708. 

 Pteropus palliatus, (young.) — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XV. 99. 

 Icon. Hypoderme des molluques, (femelle.) — Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de 

 l'Astr. pi. 11. 

 Temm. Mon. Mam pi. 35, fig. 7, (head.) 

 Cephalotes Peronii Geoff. Ann. Mus. XV. pi. 7. 



specific characters. 



The Hair brownish or reddish. The Tail partly engaged in the in- 

 terfemoral membrane. 



The Ears broad and pointed. 

 Inhabits Timor, Amboyna, Banda, &c. 



The size of Peron's Cephalote is about that of the American Vampire, 

 and it has no nail on the fore-finger. Its muzzle is obtuse, its ears straight 

 and pointed. The alar member, different from any thing we have pre- 

 viously seen, envelopes the whole body, adhering to the spinal ridge by 

 a transparent integument ; about half of the tail is concealed by the in- 

 terfemoral membrane; afewlongish hairs are scattered around the mouth 

 and eyes. In the young there are four incisors of the upper jaw, small 

 and pointed, arranged in pairs, and fixed on either side into the rudiments 

 of the moveable laminae ; those below are symmetrically arranged, though 

 somewhat crowded. In the adult, the two incisors of the upper jaw 

 remain moveable, and the two below are much approximated by the ca- 

 nines. 



The fur of the adult is short, rough, and not very abundant ; somewhat 

 frizzly upon the shoulders, the hairs of the side of the neck converge to 

 a point in the medial line of the neck ; on the coccyx they are transpa- 

 rent. The whole of the body proper is well clad, whilst the membrane 

 that covers the back is quite naked; the internal membranes in the upper 

 part of the wing, and of the thighs, are covered with frizzly hairs. In 

 the young, the fur is short and cottony, and the membrane which covers 

 the back is covered with down, or semi-transparent hair; the inferior 

 parts of the body are almost bare. A reddish colour predominates in the 

 young, olivaceous grey in the adult and old; a yellowish tint pervading 

 the male, and a greyish the female. There is but little fur on the chin, 

 cheeks, and front of the neck, and in the old these parts are quite naked. 



