26 



ORDER CHIKOPTERA— GENUS PHYLLOSTOMA. 



shaped, and its shoulders seem covered with a short mantle. The 

 hair of the entire body is soft, tolerably long, and plentiful, of a dark 

 russet colour all over. The hair on the throat is greyish-brown, dark at 

 the points. The under part of the body is lighter, tending more to a 

 greyish-brown. These animals fly about the dense foliage of the forests, 

 and towards the approach of night. The only known specimen was cap- 

 tured by Prince Maximilian in his apartments near the Mucuvi in the 

 Brazils. 



6. PHYLLOSTOMA JAMAICENSE LEACH'S JAVELIN-BAT. 



Syn. Artibeus Jamaicensis. — Leach, in Linn. Trans. XIII. 75. 

 Icon. Phyllostoma Jamaicense. — Horsf. in Zool. Journal, III. 236, and pi. 

 21, Suppl. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair greyish-brown above, lighter beneath, and blueish. 

 The Nasal Appendages and Membranes nearly black. The sides of 

 the nose without warts. 



Inhabits Jamaica and Cuba. 



This species was first described shortly, in the year 1820, by the late 

 Dr Leach in Vol. XIII. of the Linnean Transactions as noted above, from 

 a specimen sent him from Jamaica by a correspondent; and in the year 

 1827, the well-known Naturalist, W. S. Macleay, Esq., sent another 

 specimen to Dr Horsfield from the Havannah, of which the Doctor sup- 

 plied an excellent description in the Zoological Journal, after having com- 

 pared it with the identical individual which had fallen into Dr Leach's 

 hands, and which had formed a part of Mr Brooke's museum. 



The body of this Phyllostome is robust, and covered both above and 

 beneath with long silky hairs of a very soft texture ; the colour of the body 

 and head above is grey, inclining to brown, but without any tinge of yellow 

 or red ; underneath it is paler and blueish ; the hairs above are darker at 

 their extremity, so that the fur appears of darker and lighter shades, ac- 

 cording to the position of the hairs, and underneath it has a silvery gloss 

 on the surface. The wings, interfemoral membrane, and nasal appen- 

 dages, are nearly black ; the ears are narrow, rounded, and somewhat 

 lengthened ; the nose is covered at the sides with a soft down, through 

 which a few bristly hairs are scattered j its leaf is horizontally somewhat 

 undulated, is acute towards the point, and marked in front with stria?. 

 Cf the four upper incisors the two lateral ones are smaller; the lower 

 are uniform in size, and regularly disposed. The interfemoral mem- 

 brane is deeply excavated ; the toes are uniform in length and size, and 

 have all the same direction ; the claws are partially covered by stiff pro- 

 jecting bristles. The lower lip is surrounded with a regular row of warts, 

 and " the mouth is provided internally with a narrow, fimbriated, cribri- 

 form membrane." The specimens examined by Dr Horsfield had an ex- 

 pansion of the flying membranes, amounting to one foot and three inches ; 

 and the entire length from the muzzle to the extremity of the interfemoral 

 membrane is four inches and ten lines. 



7. PHYLLOSTOMA OBSCURUM SOOTY JAVELIN-BAT. 



Syn. Phyllostoma obscurum Pr. Max. Beitr. II. 203. 



Icon. Pr. Max. Abbild. 



SPECIFIC CHAEACTERS. 



The Hair sooty-black above, ash-grey beneath. 



The Ears nearly ovate. The Auricular Operculum very small, 

 rather broad. 

 Inhabits Brazil. 



This specimen was found by Prince Maximilian at Villa Vicoza, on the 

 river Peruhype. 



(B.) Tailed Javelin-Bats. 



8. PHYLLOSTOMA HASTATUM COMMON JAVELIN-BAT. 



Syn. Le Fer-de-lance Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 117. 



Vespertilio hastatits. — Linn. Gmel. 



Icon. Phyllostoma hastatum Geoff. Ann. Mus. XV. pi. 11, (head.)— 



Pr. Max. Abbild. 



Buff. Hist Nat. XIII. pi. 33.— copied in Schreb. pi. 46, B. 



Vespertilio perspicillatus. — Schreb. pi. 46, A. 



specific characters. 



The Haik varying from dark to light brown, sometimes tipped with 

 grey. 



The Nasal Appendages smooth on the margins. The Tail wholly 

 engaged in the interfemoral membrane. 



Inhabits Brazil. 



Bufton first described this Bat under the appellation of Fer-de-lance, 

 from the resemblance of its nasal leaf to the head of a spear. This ap- 

 pendage is undivided, without any ridge at its point, or any heel or pad ; 

 the middle line is somewhat elevated, and its base is so narrow, that the 

 leaf seems as if supported by a slender petal ; the horse-sho», on the other 

 hand, is broader than in any other species of the genus. It is a strong, 

 robust-looking animal, largely endowed with membranes ; its extreme 

 length, including the head and membrane, is about seven inches, and 

 breadth between nineteen and twenty inches. The fur is short, of a 

 chestnut colour above, and fawn brown on the abdomen ; the membranes 

 are reddish-brown, and the leaf, cars, and limbs, of a blackish-brown. 

 The muzzle is short and broad ; the incisors regularly set between the 

 canines, which are wide apart ; the ears are long, and project upwards ; 

 a row of warts, in the form of the letter V, appears on the lower lip ; the 

 tail, half an inch long, is all but completely enveloped in the interfemoral 

 membrane, which is prolonged as far as the toes, and is abundant. 



9. PHYLLOSTOMA ELONGATUM SHORT-TAILED JAVELIN- 

 BAT. 



Syn. et Icon. Le Phyllostome a feuille allongee, (Ph. elongatum.) 



Geoff. Ann. Mus. XV. 186, pi. 9. 

 Phyllostoma bkbvicaudum ? — Pr. Max. Abbild. 



specific characters. 



The Hair reddish-brown above, lighter beneath. 

 The Nasal Appendage long, pointed, and entire. 

 The Tail free at the point. 

 Inhabits Brazil. 



It is to M. GeofFroy that we are likewise indebted for all our knowledge 

 of this very remarkable-looking species. He found it in the Paris Mu- 

 seum, and could learn nothing of its origin or history. This animal strik- 

 ingly illustrates the superfluity of cutaneous texture with which this genus 

 abounds ; the wings are most ample, and the interfemoral membrane a 

 large parachute ; its lower margin springing at right angles from the 

 ankles : the tail extends about one third of its length, and then perfor- 

 ates it, not, as in the former species, on the inside, but on the outside. 

 The nasal leaf of this species surpasses in length that of all the other 

 known species ; it is terminated at its base by a sinuose border, and united 

 in front with the horse-shoe, both being narrow at their junction. The 

 ears are broad, striated, and straight towards the point ; the operculum is 

 notched as mentioned in the last species ; the muzzle is large and short, 

 a regular row of warts appears on the under lip, and the incisors are regu- 

 larly arranged. Its extreme length from the snout to the inferior extre- 

 mity of the interfemoral membrane is about six inches ; its breadth across 

 one foot four inches. 



10. PHYLLOSTOMA CRENULATUM NOTCHED JAVELIN- 

 BAT. 



Syn. Le Fer crenele. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 117. 



Icon. Phyllostome crenele, (Ph. crenulatum.) — Geoff. Ann. Mu9. XV. pi. 

 10. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Nasal Appendage triangular, notched on the margin. 

 The Tail free at the point. 

 Inhabits South America. 



This species was first noticed by M. GeofFroy in the year 1810, and 

 we are not aware that any further information has since been added to his 

 short, but excellent description. The French Naturalist found a speci- 

 men in the Paris Museum, and inferred that it came from South America. 

 Its habits, accordingly, are quite unknown. 



The most marked peculiarities of this interesting species are the strik- 

 ing indentations or notches upon the outside of the leaf of the nose and 

 the projecting operculum of the ear, which at once attract attention on a 

 front view of the animal, and from which it has received its specific name. 

 The leaf is, moreover, singular in these respects, that it is the only one 

 known in which the edge is straight, not curved, but like an isosceles 

 triangle, or a serrated halbert head, and does not spring from the horse- 

 shoe. Its muzzle is short, thick, and obtuse; its lower lip is studded 

 with warts ; its ears are broad, and nearly regularly oval ; the tail extends 

 more than half way down the interfemoral membrane ; and its point, for 

 more than a line, is free from the membrane, projecting on the inner side. 

 The body is stout, and about two inches and a half long ; the head is an 

 inch ; the ears ten lines, the leaf nearly six ; the extreme breadth from the 

 tip of the one wing to that of the other thirteen inches, the tail eleven 

 lines. 



