GENUS GLOSSOPHAGA— LONG-TONGUED BATS. 



27 



11. PHYLLOSTOMA MACROPHYLLUM — LONG-TAILED 

 JAVELIN-BAT. 



Sytu Das Grosblat.— Pr. Max. Beitr. II. 188. 



Icon. Phyllostoma macrophyllum.— Pr. Max. Abbild. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair sooty-black. 



The Nasal Appendage very long and ported. The Tail nearly as 

 long as the body. 



The Interfemoral Membrane marked with concentric lines, and 

 semicircular. 



Inhabits Brazil. 



This Bat is found, though rarely, in the large forests which skirt 

 the banks of the Mucuri. During the day they remain suspended by the 

 rocks and trunks of trees. The interfemoral membrane is much longer 

 than in most of its congeners, and the species can be at once distinguished 

 by the semicircular rugae. 



12. PHYLLOSTOMA GRAYII GRAY'S JAVELIN-BAT. 



Syn. et Icon. Phyllostoma Grayh — Waterb. 1 in Voy. Beagl. II. 3, Marnm. 

 pi. 2. 



specific characters. 



The Hair dark brown, mixed with grey. The Membranes sooty- 

 black. 



The Tail short, included in the interfemoral membrane. 



The Under-lip with an ovate group of warts. 



Inhabits Pernambuco, Brazil. 



Mr Darwin informs us that this species appeared to be common at Per- 

 nambuco, (five degrees north of Bahia.) Upon entering an old lime-kiln 

 in the middle of the day, he disturbed a considerable number of them ; 

 they did not seem to be much incommoded by the light, and their habi- 

 tation was much less dark than that usually frequented as a sleeping 

 place by these animals. 



13. PHYLLOSTOMA? SYLVICOLUM RUSTIC JAVELIN-BAT. 



Syn. et Icon. Lophostoma sylvicola D'Orb. Voy. Mamm. pi. 6. 



specific characters. 

 The Hair on the face brown, whitish beneath the neck, eisewhere 

 grey. 



The Nasal Appbndages entire, long, pointed. 



The Ears divided by a membrane into two compartments. 



The Tail short, free at the point. 



Inhabits South America. 



This animal is only known to us through the beautiful drawing of M. 

 D'Orbigny. As that Naturalist has not yet published the characters on 

 which he reposes the genus Lophostoma, we are unable to speak with 

 certainty thereon ; but from the appearance of the cranium, we are in- 

 clined to regard it as a Phyllostome which had lost two of the lower in- 

 cisors through the development of the canines. 



DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 



1. Ph. Planirostre, (Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. pi. 3G, fig. 1.) 



The head is broad, and depressed above : sides of the nose studded with 

 verrucose tubercles, the lower margin of the nose-leaf is free and hang- 

 ing ; lips notched at the margin ; chin not deep but broad. 



It frequents the suburbs of St Salvador. 



2. Ph. Childreni (Gray, in Mag. Zool. and Bot. II.) has the lower 

 lip studded with an half ovate group of crowded warts. It is brown, 

 slightly grizzled, hairs grey-tipped; it is greyer beneath ; ears large, mem- 

 braneous, rounded at the ends ; nose-leaf ovate, lanceolate, rather longer 

 than wide ; wings brown ; warts of lower lip in three or four arched series ; 

 expanse twelve inches. 



it inhabits South America. Specimen in British Museum, received 

 from J. G. Children, Esq. 



3. Ph. Bennetti, (Gray, loc. cit.) — We are informed that, on the 

 front of the lower lip of this Phyllostome, there is a small ovate space 

 formed of two small tubercles, as in the Vampyre. Its colour is fulvous 

 brown, rather paler beneath ; hair is very long, soft, with greenish tips ; 

 ears very large, rather acute ; nose-leaf very large, ovate, lanceolate, with 

 a thick convex midrib; wings brown. Expanse twelve inches ; nose- 

 leaf eight lines. 



It inhabits South America. Specimen in the British Museum. 



4. Ph. brevicaudum, (Pr. Max. Abbild. and Beitr.)— The length of this 

 species is described as about two inches and three lines, and the extreme 



breadth eleven inches ; the ears are broad, and the short tragus is narrow 

 and lance-shaped. The muzzle is broad and obtuse ; the interfemoral 

 membrane springs from the upper part of the ankle, and, approximating 

 the tail, is crescent-shaped. The fur on the body appears to be copious ; 

 it is russet brown on the head and back, and somewhat paler underneath. 

 The ears, nasal leaf, and membranes, are dark brown. It is gregarious 

 in the old buildings of Coroaba, and in the Brazilian forest on the banks 

 of the Jucu. 

 Is this not the young of Ph. elongatum ? 



Note — Phyllostoma soricinum, Geoff., belongs to the Genus Glosso- 

 phaga. 

 Phyllostoma Spectrum, Geoff., belongs to Vampyrus ; probably 

 also Ph. soricinum, cirrhosum, and bidens of Fischer, (Syn. 

 Mamm.) 



doubtful genus and species. 



1. Monophyllus Redmanni, (Leach, in Linn. Trans. XIII. 75.) 

 This species was sent to the British Museum by R. S. Redman, Esq. ; 

 and Dr Leach precipitately regarded it as entitled to a generic distinction 

 from having four incisors in the upper jaw, and none in the lower. This 

 animal had a short tail, and the nose-leaf was erect. The colour above, 

 as of the membranes, ears, and nose-leaf, was brown ; beneath mouse- 

 coloured. The ears were round, and the beard long. 



GENUS XII. GLOSSOPHAGA.— LONG-TONGUED 

 BATS. 



Syn. Les Glossophages, (Glossophaga.) — Geoff. Mem. Mus. IV. 418, et al. 

 DlPHYLLA. — Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. — D'Orb. Voy. 

 Madateus. — Leach, in Linn. Trans. XIII. 



Phyllophora, Anoura, and Brachyphylla ? — Gray, in Blag. Zool. 

 and Bot. II. 



generic characters. 



The Head broad. The Muzzle produced and narrow. 



The Ears small, with an operculum. 



The Nasal Appendage double ; the upper one erect, almost hastate 

 small ; the lower blending into the upper lip. 



The Tongue very long, extensile, slender, channelled, and rough, 

 with reversed papillae. 



The Interfemoral Membrane imperfect or wanting. 



The Tail short or wanting. 



Inhabit South America. 



M. GeofFioy (Mem. du Mus. IV. p. 418) separates from the Ja- 

 velin-Bats those species having the tongue slender, capable of ex- 

 tension, and furnished with papillee resembling hairs. To these he 

 assigns the name of Glossophaga, all of which are likewise from 

 America. 



By the above arrangement of M. Geoffrey, proposed in the year 1818, 

 the blood-sucking Bats were thus divided into three groups, Vam- 

 pyrus, Glossophaga, and Phyllostoma, their natural arrangement, accord- 

 ing to him, being in the order in which they are above enumerated. 



The chief distinction of the Glossophaga, as may be supposed, is 

 founded on the characters of their tongue, which is very long, straight, 

 extensible, and capable of longitudinally folding upon itself. Its length is 

 so great, that, after death, it generally projects to a great extent from the 

 mouth, and it is next to impossible by any means to return it : hence 

 these animals are usually represented with this member protruding. But 

 the most remarkable peculiarity of their tongue consists in its edges, or 

 what may be called its border. It has the power of being folded superi- 

 orly upon itself from side to side, so that there is a deep hollow, or ra- 

 ther a true canal, formed throughout its whole extent ; the edge being 

 surmounted with small papillae, and covered with ciliae. Pallas long ago 

 represented this in his Spicilegia Zoologica, both of the natural size, and 

 as seen under the microscope. It will be recollected that, whilst dwell- 

 ing upon the sucking apparatus of the Vampyres, we remarked that par- 

 ticular attention had been paid to a number of warts, which were arranged 

 in a circular form upon the centre of the tongue, and considerable dis- 

 cussion maintained upon the manner in which these acted in the produc- 

 tion of a vacuum. But, however admirably those parts may in them dis- 

 charge this function, their efforts are feeble when compared with this 

 interesting piece of anatomy in the glossophagae. The resources in these 

 latter for the production of a vacuum is augmented in proportion to the 



1 Wateuh. in Voy. Beagl — The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M. S. Beagle, under the command of Captain Fitzroy, R.N., during the if irs 1832 to 1836, published 

 with the approval of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury. Mammalia by George R. Waterhouse. London, 1838. 



