28 



ORDER CHIROPTERA.— GENUS GLOSSOPHAGA. 



number of the points of the tongue they apply ; and it is manifest, that 

 the whole organ is engaged in the operation. 



The cranium, moreover, is broader, and proportionally quite as long as 

 ■.nat of the Vampyres ; its case also is more voluminous, and the maxillary 

 tfones by no means so contracted, hence the teeth are freer during their 

 growth. The incisors are persistent, and regularly arranged. The head is 

 long, and remarkably conical. The extremity of the muzzle is slender ; the 

 leaf is very near its extremity, and inconsiderable in size. Its mantle, 

 likewise, is not remarkably large, the interfemoral membrane especially 

 being sometimes very small, or even quite deficient. 



On examining the several species, it will be found that there is a strong 

 resemblance in their heads and nasal apparatus, and that the most strik- 

 ing characters are to be found in the interfemoral membrane ; in some it 

 is sufficiently ample, whilst in others it is very insignificant, and almost 

 rudimentary ; at one time, again, there is a tail, and at another none. 



Pallas foresaw that the presence or absence of this appendage might 

 be construed into a characteristic distinction of the two sexes. He ac- 

 cordingly reports that he had seen many individuals of the species he 

 described, and that he never observed in any of them, male or female, the 

 slightest vestige of a tail, — caudm nullum vestigium. In the Knot-tailed 

 Bat, which, by the extent of its interfemoral membrane, closely approxi- 

 mates to Pallas' animal, the tail exists : it is a very small appendage, 

 which is not prolonged beyond a fourth of the extent of the membrane, 

 and which appears externally as a mere point or nodosity. It might be 

 designated a tubercle, manifesting the tendency of the tail to render it- 

 self free. 



1. GLOSSOPHAGA SORICINA.— PALLAS' LONG-TONGUED 



BAT. 



Syn. Vespertilio soricinus Linn. Gmel. I. 



Leaf-Bat Penn. Quadr. No. 498— Shaw, Gen. Zool. I. 141. 



Icon. Phyllostoma soricinum, (Musette.) — Geoff. Ann. Mus. XV. pi. 11. 



Vespertilio soricinus Pall. Spicil. Zool. III. pi. 3 and 4. — Copied in 



Schreb. Sau'gth. pi. 47 ; and in Buff. Hist. Nat. Suppl. III. pi. 53. 



specific characters. 



The Hair greyish-brown above, whitish beneath. 



The Interfemoral Membrane broad. The Tail wanting. 



Inhabits Surinam and the Carribbee Islands. 



This species is found in Surinam, and in the islands which lie near the 

 coast. The account which Pallas supplied, both of its external charac- 

 ters and anatomical structure, is drawn up with the usual ability of this 

 Naturalist, and leaves nothing to be desired. It is small when compared 

 to the Phyllostomes. Its muzzle is proportionably long and stout ; hence 

 the canines are wide apart ; the incisors are not crowded, and are in a 

 single row. The nasal leaf is small, and at the very extremity of the 

 sncut; it is in the shape of a heart, broadest at its base in the males, and 

 terminating in an acute point. The ears are small and oblong. The in- 

 terfemoral membrane starts upwards from the ankle, making rather an 

 acute angle with the tibia, and is supported by very short spurs or ossi- 

 cula. The tongue is very large, remarkably long, and formed into a deep 

 canal, whose edges are covered with papilla?, which overlap, and resemble 

 minuie hairs. This deep furrow can, without doubt, be converted dur- 

 ing life into a regular tube or cylinder ; and it is through these canals that 

 the blood, in which these animals delight, flows while they feed. The 

 fur of this animal is soft and woolly; its back is of a greyish-brown; its 

 abdomen whitish. Its dimensions from the tip of the snout to the 

 origin of the tail is scarcely two inches ; its tail does not exceed two 

 lines ; its extreme breadth is nearly nine inches. 



GLOSSOPHAGA AMPLEXICAUDATA.- 

 LONG-TONGUED BAT. 



-KNOT-TAILED 



Syn. Phyllofhora amplexicaudata. — Gray, in Mag. Zool. and Bot. II. 

 Icon. Glossophaga amplexicaudata. — Geoff. Mem. Mus. IV. pi. 18, A. Pr. 

 Max. Beitr. II 208.— Spix, Sim. et Vesnert, Bras. pi. 36, fig. 4. 



specific characters. 



The Hair dark greyish-brown above, paler beneath. 

 The Interfemoral Membrane broad. The Tail short, included in 

 the interfemoral membrane, and ending in a nodule. 

 Inhabits Brazil, about Rio Janeiro. 



This species was fiist discovered in Brazil by the younger Delalande, 

 who transmitted it to Paris, where it was examined and classified by M. 

 Geoffroy in 1818. It is one of that section that has rather a large inter- 

 femoral membrane and a tail. The length of its head and body is three 

 inches; of the tail two lines, of the nose-leaf scarcely two lines, of the 

 «xternal ear one and a half line ; extreme expanse, ten inches and two 



lines. The nose-leaf is spear-shaped and pointed ; the lip is fissured and 

 notched on the margin ; the ear naked, and without a margin ; the alar 

 membrane is long, rather narrow, naked, and, near the body and joints, 

 ornamented with rows of spots. The fur of the whole body is Tery co- 

 pious, soft, and longish ; above it is of a daik greyish-brown ; beneath the 

 colour is paler. 



It inhabits the houses of Rio Janeiro, and is common throughout 

 Brazil. 



3. GLOSSOPHAGA CATJDIFERA FREE-TAILED LONG- 

 TONGUED BAT. 



Syn. tt Icon. Glossophaga caudipera. — Geoff. Mem. Mus. IV. pi. 17 . 



Diet, des Sc. Nat. XI. p. 118 Dean. Mam. No. 178 



Gray, in Mag. Zool. and Bot. II. 



specific characters. 



The Hair dark brown. 



The Interfemoral Membrane very short. Thb Tail free at the 

 point. 



Inhabits Brazil, near Rio Janeiro. 



The Free-tailed Glossophaga was also discovered in Brazil by M. De- 

 lalande, and was examined by M. Geoffroy, although the details of its 

 organization have as yet been scantily provided. The interfemoral mem- 

 brane is very short and narrow, forming but a slender margin from the 

 spurs to the coccyx ; the tail is very short, and yet projects somewhat 

 beyond the membrane, The ears are of rather small dimensions, with a 

 small operculum ; the lower lip is deeply fissured ; the horse-shoe is well 

 marked; the nose-leaf distinctly marked, broad, and not high, but 

 pointed ; a copious supply of small bristles surrounds the nose and lower 

 lip. It is a trifle longer in its proportions than the preceding species. 

 Its colour is dark brown. 



This species was discovered in the Brazils, near Rio Janeiro. 



4. GLOSSOPHAGA ECAUDATA.— TAIL-LESS LONG-TONGUED 



BAT. 



Syn. Anoura Geoffroyi Gray, in Mag. Zool. and Bot. II. 



Icon. Glossophaga Ecaudata. — Geoff. Mem. Mus. IV. pi. 18, B Pr. 



Max. Abbild. 



specific characters. 



The Hair dark brown above, paler beneath. 



The Interfemoral Membrane very short. The Tail wanting. 



Inhabits Brazil, near Rio Janeiro. 



The length of the head of this species is eleven lines, of the body two 

 inches and five lines ; the extreme expanse is about eleven inches and a 

 half. The length of the auricle is almost four lines ; of the nose-leaf two. 

 The head is both long and broad ; the body is proportionably stout ; the 

 lip is cleft; the nose-leaf triangular in shape, the spur small and pointed. 

 The face is covered with minute bristles ; the whole body is clad with 

 soft hairs as in the mouse, longest on the back, where the colour is dark 

 brown, and is paler underneath, merging to a greyish. brown. 



M. Delalande found this animal near Rio Janeiro, and Prince Maxi- 

 milian at Porto Seguro. 



doubtful genera and species. 



1. Diphylla ecaudata, (Spix, Sim. et Vespert. Bras. p. 68, pi. 36, 

 fig. 7.) — The peculiar distinctions of this proposed genus of Spix are a 

 bifoliated nose-leaf, and a total absence of the interfemoral membrane and 

 tail. The length of this animal is three inches, the extreme width be- 

 tween ten and eleven ; its back is of a dark brown colour, the abdomen 

 and under part of the head light brown ; the wings are black, and almost 

 naked. 



2. Brachyphylla cavernarum, (Gray, in Mag. Zool. and Bot. II. 489.) 

 Specimens of this Bat are to be found in the Museums of the British 



Museum and of the Zoological Society, having been received from St 

 Vincents, West Indies. The following is Mr Gray's description of the 

 generic characters: "Tail very short, interfemoral membrane deeply 

 nicked, two rayed ; nose-leaf small, surrounded by a deep groove, which 

 separates it from the face ; front of under lip with a smooth triangular 

 space bearded on the edge." 



3. Madat^eus Lewisii, (Leach, in Linn. Trans. XIII. 81.)— This 

 animal constituted the seventh and last genus of Dr Leach's Nose- 

 leafed Bats. It had four incisors above and four below ; two nose-leaves, 

 one horizontal, the other vertical, and no tail. The specimen described 

 formed part of Mr Brooke's Museum, and was sent from Jamaica by Mr 

 D. Lewis. Its extreme expanse was seventeen inches. Its colour ge- 

 nerally black ; its teeth were transversely striated, and the interfemoral 

 membrane acutelv emarginated. 



