32 



ORDER CHIROPTERA.— GENUS RHINOLOPHUS. 



M. Geoffroy, a kind of crown which surrounds the olfactory organ, 

 several folds ornamenting the lateral margin of the horse-shoe. The tail 

 is two-thirds of the length of the fore-arm, and free at the extremity. In 

 the adult state the two upper incisors approximate, and the four lower 

 are tri-lobed and ranged in a line ; there are five molars above, the so 

 called false one being very small, and attached to the heel of the canine ; 

 the five below have pointed cusps. 



The remarkable difference between the crania of the nobilis and Diadem 

 species requires the more ample detail, since the outward forms of the 

 two are so much alike. The olfactory and auditory appendages present 

 no other differences than those connected with the larger size of the for- 

 mer animal ; their other dimensions are also proportional, and their 

 colouring differs only in that of the Diadem being somewhat more uniform. 

 The cranium of the nobilis is larger, owing to the greater width of the 

 zygomatic arches, and the dilatation towards the auditory concha is more 

 considerable ; its chanfrin also is broader, and nearly flat, whilst in the 

 Diadem the anterior part of the chanfrin is demi-spherical, and its back 

 part forms a fossa with salient edges. 



The fur of this animal is soft, fine, long, and abundant, of nearly a 

 uniform colour ever}' where, though somewhat deeper above than below. 

 The head is brownish-grey ; the upper parts a golden reddish-brown ; the 

 inferior parts a greyish-brown, the base of the hair being every where 

 whitish, and the darker shade proceeding from the tips. 



Two specimens of this species were brought from Timor by MM. 

 Peron and Lesueur, and now form a part of the Paris Museum. One 

 of them was sent by M. Geoffroy to M. Temminck for examination ; and 

 hence the satisfactory details we have been enabled to present. 



3. RHINOLOPHUS INSIGNIS UNIQUE HORSE-SHOE BAT. 



Syn. RHINOLOPHUS INSIGNIS. — Horsf. Jav. in loc. 



Icon. 



Rhinolophus vulgaris Ibid. — (Fern.) 



Temm. Mon. Mam. II. p'l. 29, fig. 2. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair on the head and neck white ; the body dark brown in the 

 male ; redder in the female. 



The Nasal Appendage rounded on the margin, broad, three folds on 

 each side of the horse-shoe. 



The Eap.s broad, margin partially clipped, wanting the lobe. 



Inhabits Java and adjacent islets. 



The male of this animal was first described by Dr Horsfield in his Ke- 

 searches ; and the descriptions supplied by Temminck of male and female 

 were, he informs us, derived from an examination of not fewer than thirty 

 specimens. The whole length of the adult is four inches, the tail occu- 

 pying somewhat more than one ; the extreme breadth is between twelve and 

 fourteen inches. The nose-leaf, with a round edge, is broader than it is 

 high; between it and the horse-shoe there is another leaflet, which is 

 hairy, and flanked on both sides with three lateral folds. The male has, 

 behind the leaf, a large syphon or bag, and on either side a small orifice 

 which is scarcely visible, but which is made more conspicuous by three 

 minute pencils of hairs. The ears are broad, trumpet- shaped, with the 

 margin as if partially cut ofT, and without a lobe. The two incisors above, 

 not far apart, are broad, and either bi-lobed or smooth ; the four below 

 are more or less crowded, the small false molar of the upper jaw being 

 found in some individuals in its usual place close to the heel of the 

 canine. This anomalous molar is not found in the old ; and except in a 

 minute point rising from the gum, scarcely leaves a trace. The fur is 

 copious, smooth, and bicoloured above. The head and neck are white, 

 the tips of the hairs being chestnut coloured ; the extent of this whitish 

 portion, waved with chestnut, is not confined solely to the neck, but is con- 

 tinued in a pointed shape towardsthe upper part of the back, and prolonged 

 between the shoulders, whose colour, as well as that of all the other 

 superior parts of the body, is a pure chestnut, though each hair is of the 

 party colour already described. The neck, middle of the chest, and ab- 

 domen, are light brownish-grey, and the sides of the chest, at the inser- 

 tion of the wings, are dullish brown, darker than the belly. The female 

 is generally of a redder hue than the male. She has not the two lateral 

 orifices, and the bag of the nose-leaf with which her mate is supplied ; a 

 minute orifice which is scarcely visible upon the living animal, and on the 

 dead leaves no other trace than a few brown hairs, indicates the locality 

 of the syphon of the male. 



From the manuscripts of M. Van Hasselt, we have an interesting note 

 on this species. We captured, it is stated, a great number on the shores 

 of the island Dinars in de Weg, on the eastern side of Java, in the grottoes 

 where the Salanganes (Cypselus esculentus) construct their nests. Their 

 cry is feeble, and their odour particularly disagreeable. The little bag 

 under the forehead is formed by a fold of the skin, whence there is a 

 small tube to the frontal muscles ; by a slight compression the bag may 

 be extended, and then resembles an inveited finger of a glove. A red 

 powder is secreted by this organ, which always covers the neighbouring 



projection, and exhales a penetrating odour. The above account has 

 been confirmed by M. Miiller, who gives, moreover, a particular account 

 of the separate retirement of the two sexes already mentioned, and adds, 

 that the young animal remains fixed to the body of the mother during the 

 whole period of lactation. 



4. RHINOLOPHUS SPEORIS.— CYCLOPS HORSE-SHOE BAT. 



Syn. et Icon. Rhinolophus Speoris GeofT. Ann. Mus. XX. 261 pi. 5, 



(head,) copied in Temm. Mod. Mam. II. pi. 27 Schreb. 



Saiigth. pi. 59, B. 

 Rhinolophe Crumenifere. — Peron, Voy. pi. 35. — Temm. II. 

 17. 



specific characters. 



The Hair white, and brown above in the male; reddish chestnut 

 above in the female ; white beneath. 



The Nasal Appendage and Ears as in the last species. A round 

 Odoriferous Gland in the centre of the forehead. 



Inhabits Java and Amboyna. 



The total length of this Bat is about three inches and a half, of which 

 the tail and membrane occupy one inch : the extreme expanse is some- 

 what more than twelve inches. The nose-leaf and folicle are precisely 

 the same as in the species we have just left ; as are also the teeth and cra- 

 nium ; whilst it should be remarked, as it regards the former parts, that the 

 male has only one opening or syphon, without any trace of a lateral orifice, 

 and as to the other, as well as the general dimensions, they are on a some- 

 what smaller scale. The fur is short, smooth, and bicoloured above. 

 All the superior parts are covered with hairs which are partly white and 

 partly brown in the male, and reddish chestnut in the female ; underneath 

 they are coir)pletely>~white ; the insertion of the wings along the sides is 

 light red. 



M. Geoffroy states that he had always found the little bag in front 

 empty, and could not therefore assign its use, — suspecting, however, it 

 might secrete an odorous fluid which might attract Insects. Temminck 

 remarks that the apparatus exactly resembles the eye of a Cyclops with 

 the eyelids closed, and that both the powder already mentioned, and the 

 unctuous matter which it secretes, exhale a smell similar to that which 

 has been previously noticed in the Bull-dog Bats, (Dysopes,) and the 

 Phyllostomes of America, in which the matter issues from a gland situate 

 on the chest. In Dysopes pedimanus, and in Taphozous saccolaimus of 

 Java, there is a very large one under the chin ; and in these two species 

 the females are possessed of them as well as the males. Some of the 

 Eoussettes and Pachi/somata, it will be remembered, exhibit these secretory 

 organs, and only in the males ; and, finally, we shall discover similar odor- 

 iferous glands in all the species, and in both sexes in the great majority 

 of the Vespertiliones, the organ existing in front of the eyes, or above the 

 orbit, and still more frequently near the nostrils. The emanations pro- 

 duced by this apparatus more or less occasion the disagreeable smell ex- 

 haled by certain species, and Temminck suspects it is the especial means 

 by which the different sexes discover each other in the obscure and hidden 

 retreats which they inhabit. 



Hitherto this species has only been found in Timor and Amboyna, 

 The two specimens in the Paris Museum are from the former island; 

 those of the Leyden Museum are from Amboyna. 



5. RHINOLOPHUS BICOLOR.— PIEBALD HORSE-SHOE BAT. 

 Syn. et Icon. Rhinolophe bicolore Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 18, pi. 29, fig. 3. 



specific characters. 



The Hair chestnut red, marked with white. 

 The Nasal Appendage surrounded by a notched membrane. 

 The Lower Lip with a large wart in the centre. 

 Inhabits Amboyna, Java, and Timor. 



The Piebald Rhinolophus has a total length of two inches, three lines, 

 (French,) of which the tail and interfemoral membrane occupies ten lines, 

 and its extreme width varies from eight and a half inches to nine and a half 

 inches ; the ears are broader than they are high, with a round terminal mar- 

 gin, not cutout ; there is also a very small distinct lobe, with an internal 

 fold. The nose-leaf is small, and transversal, with a marked protuberance, 

 besides the horse-shoe, which is surrounded with a notched membrane at 

 its two extremities ; there is a large wart in the centre of the lower lip, 

 and a longitudinal one at either side. The two incisors of the upper jaw 

 are broad, nearly approximated on their inner side, but distant at their 

 base ; the inferior four are tri-lobed ; there are five molars on both sides, 

 and the upper false molar is scarcely visible. The fur is long, very fine, 

 smooth, and of two colours throughout. Above it is of a very pure white 

 from the base two-thirds upwards, and is then of a chestnut red to the 

 point, so that the white presents an irregular medley ; the white prevails 



