THE HORSE-SHOE BATS. 



33 



still more below, because here only the actual points are tipt with brown. 

 The membranes are light brown. This accurate description is drawn up 

 by M. Temminck from the examination of fourteen specimens. 



This small species was found by M. Van Hasse It in the bamboo build- 

 ings on the coast of Anjer: he says nothing of its habits. M. Boie cap- 

 tured it in the solitary woods on the banks of the Tjetarem, where it in- 

 fests the dwelling-houses. It has been procured in the islands of 

 Amboyna, Java, and Timor, those specimens bi ought from the first 

 named place being somewhat larger than those from the second. 



6. RHINOLOPHUS TRIDENS — TRIDENT HORSE-SHOE BAT. 



Syn. et Icon. Rhinolophe Trident Geoff. Ann. Mus. XX. 260, pi. 5, 



(head and cran.,) copied in Temm. pi. 27. 

 Geoff. Descr. Egypt. Hist. Nat. II. pi. 2, fig. 1. 

 Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 19. 



SPECIFIC CHAItACTERS. 



The Hair light ash-colour. 



The Nasal Appendage trident-shaped above. 



Inhabits Egypt and Nubia. 



This species is about two inches three lines long, of which the tail occu- 

 pies eight lines ; the extreme expanse is eight and a half inches. The ears 

 are higher than they are wide, they have a round terminal edge, and no 

 distinct lobe. The nose-leaf terminates in three points, trident-shaped. 

 The two upper incisors are extremely small, and wide asunder; the lower 

 four are crowded and tri-lobed. There are four upper molars, and no ap- 

 pearance of an anomalous tooth, either in the young or old ; five below. 

 The fur is scanty, short, and smooth, of a light white ash-colour; the 

 pubis and thighs are naked. The horse-shoe covers the whole surface 

 of the muzzle; but the nose-leaf is not complicated; it is broad at the 

 base, and rises like a broad lance, the upper part of which terminates in three 

 indentations ; the ears are also broad, but not close down in front, owing 

 to their being partially attached to the chanfrin. The tail is short, hut 

 remarkable in this respect, that, for a third of its length, it is free above 

 the inteifemoral membrane, which is cut square off, hut makes up in 

 breadth what it wants in length, and thus the lower part of the tibia is 

 free from membrane. 



M. Geoffroy reports that this species is found in the deepest excava- 

 tions of the mountains, and especially in the most retired portions of the 

 sepulchres of the Egyptian kings at the temple of Denderah. M. Rup- 

 pell captured many of them during his travels in Egypt and Nubia. 



7. RHINOLOPHUS TRICUSPIDATUS.— LEAST HORSE-SHOE 



BAT. 



Syn. et Icon. Rhinolophe tricdspe.— Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 20, pi. 29, 

 fig. I. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair reddish-brown. 



The Nasal Appendage with three points above. 



Inhabits the Molucca Islands. 



This is the smallest of the known Rhinolophi ; its total length being 

 two inches and three lines, ten lines of which go to the tail ; the extreme 

 expanse is about seven and a half. The ears are small, higher than 

 wide, and pointed. The nose-leaf is large, and nearly square, "terminat- 

 ing superiorly in three points, that of the centre being spear-shaped, and 

 the lateral one drawing to a converging point. The horse-shoe is sur- 

 rounded by a small rudimentary membrane. The extreme expanse is 

 very great when compared to the very small size of the body ; the interfe- 

 moral membrane also is large cut square, and surpassed to the extent of 

 two lines by the free extremity of the tail. The two upper incisors are 

 very fine, distant, and converging at their points; the four inferior are 

 tri-lobed : there is a false bi-lubed molar in the upperjaw. The fur is short, 

 fine, smooth below ; of a clear reddUh-brown above, but light brown at 

 Us base, the points on the back being blackish-brown; the colour is pure 

 brown upon the side, and towards the croup ; the membranes are blackish. 

 MM. M;icklot and MUller discovered this small species durin" their sojourn 

 amongst the Molucca group. 



(£>■) NOSE-LEAF MORE OR LESS COMPLICATED, THE 

 POSTERIOR LEAFLET BEING SPEAR-SHAPED, AND A 

 FOOT-STALK RISING FROM THE CENTRE OF THE 



horse-shoe.— (Phyllorhina, Bonap.) 



8- RHINOLOPHUS LUCTUS— MOURNING HORSE-SHOE BAT, 



Syn. et Icon. Rhinolophe Del-h. — Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 24, pi. 30, 



^ol. n. r 



SPECIFIC characters. 



The Hair sooty black, with ash-coloured tips. 



The Nasal Appendage shaped like a Maltese cross, rounded on the 

 edges, and consisting of several leaflets. 



The Ears very large, pointed, almost united at the base, with a large 

 rounded lobe. 



Inhabits Java. 



The Mourning Horse-shoe Bat is much larger than any of our Euro- 

 pean species, being five inches long, of which the tail and membrane 

 occupy one inch eight lines, and the extreme expanse is fourteen 

 inches two lines, thus equalling the dimensions of then*, nobilis, our first 

 species. The cutaneous system is excessively developed in the breadth 

 of the wings, the immense size of the ears, and the nasal appendages, 

 which so overshadow the countenance that its usual features cannot even 

 be discerned : the wings withal are short in proportion to the volume of 

 the body ; the tail is as long at the hinder limbs, and its point exceeds the 

 limit of the interfemoral membrane. The enormous ears are almost unit- 

 ed at their base, and their mesial margins neatly touch ; they are much 

 pointed at their tips, which turn somewhat outwards ; the conchoe are 

 very broad, and have a great rounded lobe which is used to close the 

 external foramen. The nasal apparatus is composed of a great number 

 of leaflets. The horse-shoe is formed of a great membrane which over- 

 hangs the whole of the upper lip; it is connected at its extremities, and 

 by a lateral prolongation to the first set of membranous leaflets which 

 form the spear-head : from the centre of the horse-shoe springs the great 

 leaf-stalk, supporting four leaflets, which form precisely a Maltese cross, 

 with rounded edges ; and behind the leaf-stalk the spear-head rises, com- 

 posed of three rows of leaves, the first two of which are rounded, and 

 the third pointed and blunt. There are two triangular warts upon the 

 lower lip. The cranium seems to be in an extraordinary degree com- 

 pressed between the zygomatic arches, in which a triangular cavity is 

 formed, uniting the protuberance of the chanfrin to the strong and large 

 coronal crest. The two upper incisors are fixed in the cartilage, are ob- 

 tuse, and somewhat removed from each other; the four lower ones are 

 tri-lobed and crowded. There is a sixth small and obtuse molar tooth in 

 the lower jaw, placed between the false and true molars, without any 

 fellow above, not in the line of the others, and without any apparent 

 function. 



The fur in this species is exceedingly long, abundant, and woolly; the 

 head is nearly entirely covered by the hair, which does not pervade the 

 membranes, but abounds on the coccygeal and pubic regions. The colour 

 of the coat is the same in the two sexes: it is dull sooty-black, with the 

 tips of the hairs light grey, so forming a slight ash-coloured cloud over the 

 whole robe. The membranes and leaflets are quite black. 



A female of this species was first discovered by M. Boie in the wild 

 district of Tapos in Java; but several others have since been added to 

 the Leyden Museum. 



9. RHINOLOPHUS EURYOTIS — BROAD-EARED HORSE-SHOE 



BAT. 



Syn. Rhinolophus Euryotis. — Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 26. 

 Icon. lb. pi. 29, fig. 5, (head.) 



specific characters. 



The Hair brown, tending to reddish above, and whitish beneath. 

 The Nasal Appendage very complicated, (see description.) 

 The Ears very broad, points turned outwards, with a broad lobe. 

 Inhabits the Molucca Islands. 



The dimensions of the Euryotis are about three inches in extreme 

 length, and a foot in extreme breadth. The cutaneous system and ears 

 are greatly developed ; the tail very short, only one-third the length of 

 the tibia. Owing to the shortness of this appendage the interfemoral 

 membrane has the appearance of a curtain which is drawn up in the 

 middle, and, after it is dried, and the specimen prepared, the membrane 

 forms a large semicircle, the extremities of which are connected with the 

 cartilages of the tarsi. The ears are not united, and their points are 

 turned outwards ; the conchse are very broad, much sloped, and give rise 

 to a large round lobe, which closes the organ. There is a large spear- 

 head behind the leaf-stalk, supporting a solitary leaflet, which is ob- 

 long, straight, and having a point which is dome-shaped; there is a 

 small descending lobe upon each side of the nostril apparently intended 

 to close that avenue : the horse-shoe is surrounded by a very broad uni- 

 form membrane, which conceals the upper jaw, and is united on both 

 sides to the spear-head starting from behind the leaf-stalk. There are 

 four great warts on the margin of the lower lip, and the gape is very 

 wide. The two incisors above are very small, widely separated, and at- 



