THE HORSE-SHOE BATS. 



35 



This species, which has recently been sent in considerable quantities 

 from Japan, is somewhat larger in all its dimensions than the unihastatus of 

 Europe. Its alar membranes are sufficiently developed, but not in the same 

 proportion to the size of the body ; the tail, somewhat larger than half 

 the length of the fore-aim, is wholly enveloped in the large interfemoral 

 membrane, which is cut horizontally across ; the ears are large, long, and 

 terminated in a point; the broad and great horse-shoe, which is surrounded 

 with two membranes, springs from the stem deeply hollowed and furrowed 

 in front, and rises in an obtuse point; the spear-head is simple, formed 

 of a single membrane, which is long and pointed ; and quite covered with 

 long hairs. One single warty excrescence pervades the whole of the 

 lower lip. The upper incisors, wide apart, are placed at the angles of 

 the moveable cartilage ; the four lower ones are crowded, and tri-lobed. 

 There are only four molars above, owing to the complete want of the 

 small false one. 



The fur is very long and silky ; the ears naked, but with the lobe clad 

 at its base. All the superior parts of the male are brown, although the 

 base of the hairs is of a whitish asli colour, which makes the whole ap- 

 pear greyish-brown ; underneath the hairs are ash-coloured at their roots, 

 and tipped witli brown. The membranes of the male have a brown tint ; 

 those of the female a slight rosy shade. The upper parts of her robe 

 are of a dull red colour, although the base of the hairs is whitish; 

 underneath she is whitish, with a slight tint of red. 



This animal invariably differs from the unihastatus of Europe in the 

 relative dimensions of the tail with the total length, and though the body 

 is more robust, the wings are shorter and broader; the nasal leafy appa- 

 ratus is also more developed, and the ears are larger and not so hairy. 

 Lastly, the fur is longer, more silky, and less lustrous than in the above 

 named Bat. 



13. RHINOLOPHUS AFFINIS.— AFFINIS HORSE-SHOE BAT. 



Syn. Rhinolophus Affinis. — Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 31. 

 Icon. Ibid. pi. 29, fig 6, (head,)— pi. 32, fig. 16 and 17, (cran.) 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair in the male sooty-brown above, ash-brown beneath ; in 

 the female, russet-brown above, reddish beneath. 



The Nasal Appenuaoe complicated. The Lower Jaw with four 

 warts. 



Inhabits Java and Sumatra. 



This species was first indicated by Dr Horsfield, but in terms so laco- 

 nic that it could not have been recognised without difficulty. M. Van 

 Hasselt captured them in great numbers, in certain giottoes in Java and 

 neighbouring islands, where they associate in great bands, suspended to 

 the roof of the caverns; they live upon nocturnal insects, utter an insig- 

 nificant cry when on the wing, and exhale a powerful odour. 



The Affinis is of smaller dimensions than the unihastatus of Europe ; the 

 tail is half the size of the fore-arm ; the ears are large, and terminate in a 

 point; they are slightly keel-shaped, possessing a considerable lower 

 lobe, whose point is rounded at the sides. The lanceolate leaf is 

 united with a rounded follicle, and there is a strong leaf-stalk in the centre 

 of the horse-shoe, which is surrounded by two membranes. There 

 are four warts on the lower jaw, the central ones of which are tri- 

 angular, and the external longitudinal. The upper incisors are wide 

 asunder, the lamina; on which they are supported being separated by the 

 intervening cartilage, they are also very minute, and on falling out leave 

 no trace behind. The four lower ones are also very small ; the fifth 

 molar above is in the same line with the others, and forms a pointed 

 false molar; the number of six molars in the lower jaw is made up by a 

 very small tooth which rests upon the last two molars. The fur is 

 abundant, somewhat rough, and of a uniform colour, covering the mem- 

 brane which runs along the flanks underneath. The males are above of a 

 sooty-brown colour, beneath ash-brown. The females above are russet- 

 brown, beneath brightisll red. The membranes are blackish-brown. 



14. RHINOLOPHUS ROUXII.— ROUX' HOUSE-SHOE BAT. 

 Syn. Rhinolophus Rouxii. — Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 30. b. 

 Icon. 



specific characters. 



The Hair in the males brownish above, light grey beneath; in the 

 females bright red above, golden red beneath. 



Inhabits Hindoostan. 



This species has been designated by M. Temminck after M. Roux, a 

 trench Naturalist, who, with uncommon assiduity, commenced his labours 

 in the vast field of India, and there speedily found his tomb. It ap- 

 pears to range over a wide space, is common in the museums of Pondi- 



cherry and Calcutta, and has been abundantly sent from other quarters to 

 this country. 



So far as is yet known, it has no incisors in the upper jaw, the car- 

 tilage appearing too thin and diaphanous for their support. It is possible, 

 however, that they may appear at an early period of life, and the more 

 so that M. Temminck has only examined adult specimens. The upper 

 molars are of the same number as in the affinis ; whilst the lower are only 

 five, or one less, owing to the absence of the very small one. The fur 

 is very short, cottony, and frizzled, and covers the body only, without 

 forming any fringe along the membranes where attached to the sides. 

 The males are above of a brownish shade, although the base of the hairs 

 is ash-grey ; underneath they are light giey, somewhat darker on the 

 arm and flanks. The females are above of a bright red, although the 

 tips of the hairs are reddish brown; the inferior parts are of a beautiful 

 golden red ; more rarely the tints are a pale russet above and an ash red 

 beneath. The total length of this species is about three and a half 

 inches, the tail occupying nearly an inch. The extreme width is nearly 

 a foot. 



15. RHINOLOPHUS CLIVOSUS.— CLOVEN-LEAF HORSE-SHOE 



BAT. 



Syn. Rhinolophus Geoffroyii Smith, in Zool. Jour. IV. 433. 



Rhinolophus Clivosus. — Temm. Mon. Mam. II. 32. 



Rhinolophus Capensis. — Lichtenst. Doublet, p. 6. 

 Icon. Rupp. Atl. pi. 18 Tern. pi. 29, fig. 7, (head,)— pi. 32, fig. 18, (cran.) 



SPECIFIC characters. 



The Hair greyish-white. 



The Nasal Appendage lance-shaped ; the leaf-stem cloven in front. 



The Lower Lip with a single wart. 



Inhabits Egypt, Southern Africa, Dalmatia, and the Levant. 



The tail of this species is a third of the length of the fore-arm, and 

 much longer than the tibia. The ears are large, terminate in a point, 

 are somewhat cut away, and supplied with five rugae; the lower lobe, 

 very large, is covered with hair, and completely shuts up the organ. 

 The nose-leaf is simple, lance-shaped, somewhat elevated, and clad with 

 hair. The leaf-stem is completely naked, (a remark which extends to 

 all the species of this section,) and furrowed or somewhat cleft in front, 

 (whence probably its name,) and rises from the centre of the horse-shoe, 

 which is formed of a single membrane though funnel-shaped. A single 

 wart is conspicuous on the margin of the lower lip. The two upper in- 

 cisors, imperceptible to the naked eye, are wide asunder, the four lower 

 ones are crowded, and have each three cusps ; there are four upper mo- 

 lars, though sometimes there may be also a small additional anormal one, 

 and five lower. The fur is long and copious, and abundantly covers the 

 side membranes both above and below. The hair above is bi-coloured, 

 below of a uniform tint. The upper portions of the body are whitish, 

 the base of the hairs, which are tipt with grey, being of the tint of wine 

 lees; the lower parts of the body are likewise whitish and of the same 

 shade ; all the membranes are black and diaphanous, having the colour of a 

 light shade of China ink. The total length is about three inches, the tail 

 extending to about eighteen lines ; the extreme breadth is about a foot. 



Specimens of this species have been derived both from the northern 

 and southern parts of the African continent. It is common near Cape- 

 Town, and M. Kuppell captured it in Egypt. Individuals from these two 

 regions have been carefully compared, and no other difference can be de- 

 tected than that the specimens from the Cape have the fur somewhat 

 datker than those from Egypt. This animal is also found in Dalmatia 

 and in the Levant, so that it may be classed in our catalogues as one of 

 the European Mammalia. 



16. RHINOLOPHUS BIHASTATUS.— LITTLE HORSE-SHOE 



BAT. 



Syn. Le Petit Fer-a-cheval. — Cuv. Reg. Anim. I. 118. 



VESPEriTILIO HIPPOSIDEROS Bcchst. 



Rhinolophus bhiastatus Geoff. Ann. Mus. XX. 259. 



Icon. Geoff, loc cit. pi. 5. (R. Bifer.) 

 Buff. Hist. Nat. VIII. 17, fig. 2. 



specific characters. 



The Hair white, with the tips reddish. 



The Nasal Appendage lanceolate, erect, reddish; a second lance- 

 shaped membrane in the centre. 

 Inhabits France and Germany. 



The R. Bihastatus is rare even in the districts it most frequents. It 

 is found both in Germany and France, delighting in old buildings and 



