36 



ORDER CHIROPTERA.— GENUS RHINOLOPHUS. 



caverns ; in these it prefers those nooks which are most inaccessible and 

 obscure, and hence is scarcely ever found without much difficulty. The 

 size of the largest individuals is about three inches in length, with an ex- 

 panse of about ten. 



The tail is two-thirds the length of the fore-arm, and enveloped in the 

 interfemoral membrane. The ears are very large, with the point bent 

 outwards, much sloped, and more approximated than in the mii/iasta- 

 ius ; they have very large and well marked lower lobes. The nose- 

 leaf is straight, lance-shaped, and covered with a few hairs ; the horse- 

 shoe is surrounded by three ranges of membranous folds ; there is also a 

 leaf-stalk which supports a second lance-shaped membrane which springs 

 from the midst of the horse-shoe. There is a single wart upon the mar- 

 gin of the lower lip. M. Temminck informs us that he has not found in- 

 cisors in the upper jaw at any period of life ; the chanfrin is simply car- 

 tilaginous, and there is no trace of laminae. The four lower incisors are 

 extremely small. The first of the five molars of the lower jaw is in the 

 same line with the others, and not at the heel of the canine as in the 

 unihastatus. The whole fur is of a beautiful shining white colour, al- 

 though in the adult the tips of the hairs in the superior parts of the 

 body are dark coloured, a tint which extends to about a half of each 

 hair in the young. The membranes are diaphanous, of a deep ash- 

 colour in the males, and yellowish in the females. 



17. RHINOLOPHUS MINOR— DWARF HORSE-SHOE BAT. 



Syn. Riiinolophus Minok. — Horsf. Jav. 



Icon. Temm. Mon. II. pi. 32, fig. 20 and 21, (cran.) 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair in the male dark-brown above, lighter beneath; in the fe- 

 male red, deeper above. 



The Nasal Appendage lanceolate, complicated. 

 Inhabits Java, Sumatra, and Timor. 



This Rhinolophus is about the size of the last species, the Bihastatus 

 of Europe. The ears are shaped as in that animal, much sloped, and 

 having a largely developed lobe on the side. The tail is of the length of 

 the tibia and toes, or two-thirds the length of the fore-arm. The nose- 

 leaf is complicated, consisting of a spear-head, bristled with hair at its 

 point — a leaf-stalk divided at its upper part into indentations, the one 

 of which points forward, and the other is bent to the right side, and the 

 horse-shoe very large and festooned. The upper incisors approximate 

 and are tri-Iobed, as are also the four inferior ; there is a pointed ano- 

 malous molar in the upper jaw. The fur of the male is dark brown, 

 slightly tinged with grey above, and light brown ash beneath. The fe- 

 male is wholly red, deeper above than beneath. The young females are 

 of the same markings with the males. The robe of some is found 

 spotted with red and brown, and these are usually females, whilst pass- 

 ing from the one dress to the other. The length of the adult is about 

 two and a half inches, the tail occupying about ten lines ; the extreme 

 expanse is about ten inches. 



Dr Horsfield first supplied a succinct account of this species in his 

 Zoological Researches, and the Dutch Naturalists in India have since 

 more abundantly furnished materials for description. 



18. RHINOLOPHUS PUSILLUS.— PIGMY HORSE-SHOE BAT. 



Syn. et Icon. Rhinolophus Pusillus Temm. Mon. Mam. II. p. 30, pi. 



29, fig. 8, (head,)— pi. 32, fig. 22 and 23, (cran.) 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair white, brown at the tips above, chocolate colour beneath. 

 The Nasal Appendage elevated, lanceolate, complicated. 

 Inhabits Java. 



The Pusillus is a trifle smaller than the preceding species, and has 

 ears of precisely the same shape ; the tail is likewise of the length of 

 the tibia and toes. The very high nose-leaf consists of the spear-head, 

 which is supplied with bristles from the leaf-stem, in front of which there 

 is a narrow leaf whose point bends lorward, and the horse-shoe com- 

 posed of a broad membrane. There are two warts on the lower lip. 

 The two upper incisors, which are scarcely visible with a glass, are 

 obtusely pointed and wide asunder, the false molar is also pointed. The 

 fur of both sexes is strikingly party-coloured above, and of a uniform 

 tint beneath. Upon the upper part of the body the hairs are long, and 

 pure white from the base to about two-thirds of their length, the rest 

 is ash-brown, so producing a mixture of white and light brown ; under- 

 neath the only tint is fawn-colour, like that of cafe-au-lait, darkest to- 

 wards the sides. 



This species was discovered by those Naturalists from the Low 

 Countries, who have been recently making investigations over the Con. 



tinent of India. It prefers trees and old buildings. In many of its 

 characters it might be mistaken for the R. minor, but is easily dis- 

 tinguished by its very distinct party-coloured fur, and also from there 

 being scarcely any difference between the markings of the male and 

 female. 



19. RHINOLOPHUS CORNUTUS HORNED HORSE-SHOE BAT. 



Syn. Rhinolophe Cobnu — Temm. Mon. Blam. II. 37 



Icon. 



SPECIFIC CHARACTERS. 



The Hair light yellow, darker at the points above ; whitish, and 

 reddish-brown at the points beneath. 



The Nasal Appendage complicated, lanceolate, broad. 

 Inhabits Japan. 



The Horned Rhinolophus has within these few years been sent from 

 Japan by M. Burger to Leyden, where it fell under the investigation of 

 M. Temminck. Its extreme expanse is somewhat less than that of the 

 Bihastatus. The ears are very large, pointed, sloped at their inner mar- 

 gin, and are furnished with a very large lobe. The tail is completely 

 enveloped in the interfemoral membrane, which is terminated by a horizon- 

 tal line across; it is longer than the tibia. The membrane of the horse- 

 shoe is broad ; the leaf is complicated, consisting of the spear-head bris- 

 tled with hairs, and the leaf-stem standing up like an obtuse born, inclin- 

 ing forwards. The upper incisors are very small and widely spaced; 

 the four lower ones are crowded and tri-lobed. The fur is long, silky, 

 and party-coloured throughout; underneath it is pale yellow, the hairs 

 being tipt of the colour of wine lees; on the upper parts the roots of the 

 hairs, and half their extent, are whitish, and the points are leddish-brown ; 

 all the membranes are light black. 



DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 



1, R. Landeki (Proc. Zool. Soc. Part V. 101.)— Towards the close 



of the year 1837, Mr W. Martin exhibited to the Zoological Society 

 a specimen of the above animal, accompanied with the following descrip- 

 tion. 



This beautiful little species of Bat is a genuine Rhinolophus; the 

 nasal appendages consist of a horse-shoe, a crest, and an elevated leaf. 

 The horse-shoe is broad, with indications of a double furrow ; its outer 

 margin is free, and bifid anteriorly. In its centre is placed a little cup-like 

 depression, with an elevated rim, from the back of which rises a bifid 

 crest, not much elevated ; the large apex is the posterior of the two. On 

 each side of this crest and behind it, the skin, continued from the horse- 

 shoe, and forming the base of the leaf, is furrowed by two deep but un- 

 equal sulci, with a marked posterior ridge, elevated across the base of the 

 leaf, which latter ends in a short acute lanceolate point ; posteriorly it is 

 curved with short hairs, anteriorly it is nearly naked : its length is two 

 lines. The ears are large, broad, and pointed, the outer margin is emar- 

 ginate, and passes into a round accessory lobe, closing the ear anteriorly. 

 The antibrachia are short, the thumbs small, the tibia slender. The fur 

 is soft and delicate, and of a fine light or rufous chestnut, a little darker 

 on the middle of the back ; the wings are blackish. The length of the 

 head and body of this specimen is one inch 4 \ lines, of the tail 9'", of the 

 ear 7£, of the antibrachium 1" 71'", of the leg 8'", of the spur 4^'", the ex- 

 tent of the wings 9". It is to be regretted there is no accompanying plate. 



Mr Martin named this species in honour of the late enterprising but un- 

 fortunate Mr Lander, during whose expedition it was taken at Fernando 

 Po. 



2. R. Commersonii Ann. Mus. XX. 263 Tern. Mon. Mam. II. 21. 



— Under this appellation M. Geoifroy alludes to a Bat which was no- 

 ticed in the drawings and notes of Commercon, under the title of the Port- 

 Dauphin Bat of the Island of Madagascar. M. Geoffroy published an 

 excellent representation of the original drawing, whence it would appear 

 to be a true Rhinolophus. M. Temminck again copies it in his Mono- 

 graph. The characters assigned by Commercjon are so far from being spe- 

 cific, that, according to Temminck, they might be applied to all the known 

 Rhinoloplii, and probably to all that will ever be discovered. We need 

 not therefore trouble the reader with them. 



3. R. Lamatus (Horsfield's Java.) — M. Temminck puts into this 



same category the above species of Dr Horsfield, which, though 

 detailed with minute accuracy in the Zoological Researches, yet wants 

 specific characters to distinguish it from some three or four of its con- 

 geners. In addition to this important deficiency, there is the fact 

 that, of the many Naturalists who, since Dr H.'s time, have been ex- 

 ploring the different districts of Java, none of them have sent home a 

 specimen lequiring a specific arrangement different from those already 

 described- 



4. R. Dukhunensis An animal under this appellation is enumerated 



in the " Catalogue of the Mammalia observed at Dukhun, East Indies." 

 By Major Sykes. The description is brief, and therefore we are not to 



