THE PROPER BATS. 



49 



the preceding, are quite free above the spur, the membranes taking their 

 origin near the extremity of the tibia. Its muzzle is very short and ob- 

 tuse; the ears of medium size, and not much sloped ; the tragus long, 

 like the willow leaf; the interfemoral membrane short, and covered above 

 and beneath with scattered hairs. The fur is short, smooth, and bi- 

 coloured. The upper parts are of a greyish-brown colour, the lower whitish; 

 the membranes are brown, and there are no conspicuous differences be- 

 tween the sexes. The total length is about three inches, the breadth 

 nine. 



21. V. HUMERALIS BLACK-SHOULDERED BAT. 



This Bat was procured by M. Baillon, in the neighbourhood of Abbe- 

 ville, and was there examined by M. Temminck. It has not been seen 

 out of France. It might be readily confounded with the mystacinus and 

 marginal us ; it differs, however, from the former, by its smaller size, 

 larger and more sloped ears, its longer tail, and the complete nudity of the 

 membranes ; and from the latter, by the emarginatus being larger, having its 

 ears more sloped, and its fur always of a more or less red hue. This Bat is 

 distinguished from all its congeners, by a large black spot on the shoul- 

 ders, at the base of the humerus, and its long and sloping ears. The 

 fur is long and cottony; it has a considerable beard, which is black; the 

 tragus is long and lance-shaped ; the membranes are blackish and naked, 

 the tip of the tail free. As to colour, the superior parts have the hair 

 black at the base, and then ash-brown ; the inferior also black at the 

 base, but whitish towards the point; the black spot covers the insertion 

 of the wings. The entire length is near three inches, the expanse seven. 



22. V. VISPISTRELLUS THE VISPISTRELLE BAT. 



The Vispistrelle Bat has received its name from its close resemblance 

 to the Pipistrelle. Inhabiting Italy, and the southern countries of 

 Europe, they seem, remarks the Prince of Musignano, to maintain the 

 same relation that the Cisalpine sparrow bears to our common domestic 

 one, and their habits are scarcely distinguishable. The present species 

 is, however, always somewhat larger than the other, perhaps a sixth, 

 and wants a false molar in the upper jaw, which the other possesses; the 

 marking, too, is somewhat different. The fur is long and silky, each hair 

 on the upper parts of the body having a brown base, and a reddish-ash 

 point, which assumes a yellowish hue on the forehead and base of the 

 ears ; on the inferior parts the hairs are throughout of a brown tint, but 

 their tip is light red. The cutaneous system is fulvous brown. In the 

 young the tints are somewhat darker. The entire length is three inches, 

 three lines (French), the breadth eight inches and a half. — (Fig. in Bonap. 

 Faun. Ital.j 



23. V. KUHLII KUHL'SBAT. 



M. Natterer conferred its name upon this Bat, which he captured at 

 Trieste ; it lias also been found in Dalmatia and Central Italy, and is 

 probably common throughout the Levant. Kuhl's Bat is about the size 

 of the Pipistrelle, with which it may very readily be confounded. The 

 head is large, the muzzle obtuse, the eyes surmounted by a bunch of 

 hairs, the ears completely triangular, regular at their external margin, and 

 large at their base ; the tragus is wide, leaf-shaped, round at the point ; 

 the cutaneous system is black; the alar membranes, and half of the 

 interfemoral, are clad. The upper incisors are in pairs, most unequal in 

 size, the internal pair being large, and those next the canines very small. 

 The entire length is three inches, the expanse eight and a half. The fur 

 is bi-coloured throughout, more abundant, and somewhat longer than in 

 the Pipislrelle, and a broad riband of hair goes round the whole body; the 

 half of the interfemoral membrane is covered. Above, the colour is red- 

 dish-brown, ochre-like ; and beneath it is somewhat lighter than in the 

 Pipislrelle ; the riband above alluded to is greyish ; the membranes are 

 very smooth, and wholly black ; there are a few hairs on the thumb and 

 toes — (Fig. in Temm. Mou. II. pi. 51, fig. 5 and 6.) 



24. V. SAVII SAVI'S BAT. 



Savi's Bat is accurately depicted in the Icon. del. Faun. Hal. by the 

 Prince de Musignano, and had previously been sent to Leyden by M. 

 Cantraine. It has been found on the eastern shores of the Adriatic, in 

 Dalmatia, and Sardinia. Its body is somewhat more robust than that of 

 the two foregoing species, but the expanse is less ; the tail is very long, 

 and has a fine free point; the muzzle is broad and obtuse. The ears 

 broad, with a fold forwards, triangular, but round at the point, and ciad 

 to about a half ; the tragus short and wide. The fur is bi-coloured, and 

 not unlike that of the parti-coloured Bat. The superior parts of the body 

 are of a lively marone colour ; the cheeks and chin brown ; the inferior 

 parts are blackish-brown ; the interfemoral membrane is quite naked. The 

 dimensions, taken from one specimen, were three inches entire length, 

 breadth eight. 



25. V. ALCYTHOE.— THE ALCYTHOE BAT. 



This, and the two succeeding species, have lately been introduced to 

 notice by the Prince de Musignano, with coloured portraits, and detailed 

 descriptions ; they all belong to the south of Europe. The cranium of 

 this one is depressed ; its incisors unequal, the ears pointed, and the fur 

 bi-coloured. The nose is depressed at the point, and slightly indented 

 between the nostrils ; the orbital region is naked, and the eyes sur- 

 mounted with long and silky eye-brows ; the ears are small, terminate in 

 a round point, and their breadth is equal to half their length ; the tragus 

 is half as long as the auricle ; the tail quite included in the interfemoral 

 membrane. The fur is long, bushy, and of two colours. The muzzle 

 and forehead is of a greyish isabelle colour ; the hairs are blackish from 

 their base to half their extent, and then of an isabelle tint ; those of the 

 abdomen are the same at their base, but cinnamon coloured at the tip. 

 The membranes are reddish, and clad along the flanks and thighs with 

 tufted hair, of a reddish-grey colour. The total length is about three 



inches, the breadth somewhat more than eight. It inhabits Sicily (Fig. 



in Bonap. Fauna Ital.) 



26. V. LEUCIPPE THE LEUCIPPE BAT. 



This species is to be distinguished by the beautiful silvery tint of its 

 inferior parts, and the cinnamon colour of the back. The muzzle is large, 

 wide, and roundish, describing nearly a semicircle ; the commissure of tne 

 lips reaches to the ear. This appendage is a fifth less in length than tne 

 head, and a third less wide than long ; it is roundish, and somewhat 

 sloped away at ks upper parts ; the tragus is a third shorter than the con- 

 cha, and of a semi-orbicular form. The interfemoral membrane is poly- 

 gonous in shape, and has no tiny bristles, nor lobule. The fur is long, 

 bushy, and bi-coloured throughout ; on the upper parts of the body it is 

 black at the root, and light-cinnamon at the tip ; on the lower, of a deep 

 grey at the base, and silvery-white at the points. The membranes are 

 sooty black ; the lips, nose, and ears black, with the external margin 

 flesh coloured, a character which is constant. The entire length is three 

 inches, the breadth nine. — ( Fig. in Bonap. Fauna Ital.) 



27. V. ARISTIPPE THE ARISTIPPE BAT. 



Its pointed muzzle serves to distinguish this species from the Leucippe 

 Bat, to which it has a great resemblance in its general forms and dimen- 

 sions ; there is also a slight difference in the ears, the external border 

 being scooped out at the base in our present animal, and towards the 

 point in the other. The muzzle, which is straight, and somewhat an- 

 gular, has a slight furrow between the nostrils, which are small and nar- 

 row. The ears are small. The interfemoral membrane is provided with 

 an external lobule, and terminates in a free point. The feet are small ; 

 the nails slender, and adorned with slender hairs. — (Fig. in Bonap. Faun. 

 Ital. fasc. 21, fig. 3.; 



28. V. MARGINATUS.— THE EMBROIDERED BAT. 



The Embroidered Bat is common in Sardinia, and therefore is to be 

 classed with the European species. It is not less so, however, in Africa, 

 being very common at Tripoli, and also in Nubia and Arabia. Here it 

 was found by Riippell, and has been described by him and figured in bis 

 atlas, though not, according to M. Temminck, very correctly. It is 

 about the size of the Pipistrelle, though it has not the same expanse across 

 the wings ; the tail is much larger, and the interfemoral membrane very 

 ample ; the spur is also very long, carrying the interfemoral externally 

 with it. All the edges of the membranes are bordered with pure white. 

 The muzzle is naked, the ears small, triangular, and rounded at the 

 point ; the tragus is long, leaf-shaped ; a third of the interfemoral mem- 

 brane is clad. The fur is soft, cottony, short, and of two colours. On 

 the head and upper parts of the body, the hairs are half black at the 

 root, and pure isabelle-coloured at the tip ; on the chest the points are 

 a light isabelle, and on the abdomen, pure white. The membranes are 

 blackish-grey, and diaphanous. The total length is a trifle above three 



inches, the expanse a little above eight (Fig. in Temm. Mon. pi. 52, 



figs. 3 and 4.) 



Section II. African Species. 



29. V. LEUCOMELAS.— THE BLACK AND WHITE BAT. 



This Bat was discovered by Riippell, on the shores of the Red Sea, 

 on the coast of Abyssinia, and Arabia Petrsea, frequenting old ruins. Its 

 size and forms are not unlike those of our Barbastelle. The muzzle is 

 very slender, and overshadowed by the aural appendages, which are 

 very large, and united by their bases in front, then diverging to the point, 

 and falling over to each side, after the fashion of the Dog's Cap ; their 



N 



