THE PROPER BATS. 



53 



56. V. TENUIS — THE SLENDER BAT. 



The Slender Bat, though neatly resembling, and very difficult to dis- 

 tinguish from, the preceding, (Tralatite,) nevertheless, presents a few- 

 constant characters, on which the specific differences are based. These 

 are — a shorter and more obtuse muzzle ; form generally more slender ; ears 

 decidedly shorter, less wide, and more pointed. The cranium also pre- 

 sents this difference, that the maxiliaries are shorter, the cranial cavity 

 is also smaller, and less projecting, and the chanfrin shorter and wider. 

 The similar characters, on the other hand, are, the length and dimen- 

 sions ; a similar tragus ; very short toes ; the attachment of the mem- 

 branes ; and the same appearance of the under face of the interfemoral. 

 But besides, this animal has only one false molar in each side, which is 

 strong, whilst the Tralatite has two of very unequal sizes. The Slen- 

 der Bat thus has five molars, both above and below ; the other has six 

 above and six below. The nature of the fur and the markings are the 

 same in both. They likewise inhabit the same localities in Java and Su- 

 matra; but this species has also been discovered in Borneo. — (Fig. in 

 Temm. Mon. II. pi. 57, figs. 5, 6, and 7.) 



57. V. MACELLUS THE TINY BAT. 



This is another new species, which has been discovered in Borneo by 

 the Dutch travellers, who have sent four specimens to the Leyden 

 Museum. Like the preceding, it may most readily be confounded with 

 the Tralatite, but is distinguished from it not only by slight modifications 

 in the forms, but by one striking character. The feet of the Tralatite, 

 as of the Slender Bat, are extremely small, with very short toes, and 

 with the metatarsal bones comprised within the attachment of the mem- 

 branes ; whilst in our present species the feet are strong, the toes are 

 long, and the claws crooked, with the metatarsal bones quite free ; the 

 muzzle, too, is stouter ; the wings not so long ; the interfemoral mem- 

 brane less ample, and the tail shorter. In the two preceding, the tail 

 is quite enveloped, whilst in this one the point is free, and the ears are 

 a trifle longer. There is also a difference in the dental formula; the 

 Tralatite has six molars above and beneath, the Tenuis has five above 

 and below, and the Maccllus has four above, without any trace of a 

 false molar, and five below. The only difference in the robe is, that in 

 this animal the fur is short and shining: the colours and size are nearly 

 the same. 



58. V. OREIAS — THE OREIDE (OR MOUNTAIN) BAT. 



This beautiful species, strongly characterized, and easily distinguished 

 from its numerous congeners, has been received by M. Temminck from 

 India. The size and forms are like the Pipistrelle of Europe, but the 

 membranes are larger and more developed, rising from the toes : the 

 thumb is armed with a strong crooked claw ; the ears are distant, broad, 

 and long, with a round point, of a clear or yellowish colour at their 

 'base, and quite naked ; the narrow tragus is long, straight, and filiform. 

 The muzzle is short and compressed, terminating in a point ; the upper 

 lip has a double row of moustachios on it, the lower one short, the other 

 long, with the hairs turned upwards ; there are also a few transparent 

 ones on the lower lip. The fur is every where abundant and long ; the 

 membranes are naked, with the exception of a few hairs at the base of 

 the upper surface of the interfemoral. It is bi-coloured throughout ; 

 above, blackish at the root, the rest umber-brown, and shining ; the 

 moustachios are black ; beneath the roots are dull black, the lips grey ; 

 the membranes and ears are blackish-brown. Length about 3" ; width 9". 



59. V. MACRODACTYLUS.-THE LARGE- TOED BAT. 



This is one of the Japanese species of Bats, which the natives con- 

 found under the appellation of Komuli, and which has been distinguish- 

 ed in Europe. It is about the size of Daubenton's Bat; the muzzle is 

 somewhat long and pointed ; the ears are long and straight, not wide, 

 and lobeless, scooped on the outer margin, and pointed at the ex- 

 tremity ; the tragus is long, narrow, awl-shaped, and pointed. The feet 

 and toes are very long, and the latter are studded with a few hairs ; 

 the claws are strong and whitish ; the tail very short, and free at the 

 tip. The fur is short, cottony, and abundant ; the base of the upper 

 side of the interfemoral is clad. The colour, above and below, is that 

 of smoke-black, the points of the hair beneath being grizzly, so 

 that the abdomen appears whitish. The cutaneous system is a deep 

 brown. The length is 3", the breadth between 9" and 10". — (Fig. in 

 Tem. Mon. II. pi. 58, figs. 3, 4, and 5.) 



60. V. ABRAMUS THE ABRAME BAT. 



The Abrame Bat of the Japanese, whose name is here retained, has 

 been sent to Leyden by M. de Siebold. It is somewhat less than the 

 Pipistrelle; the ears are oval, and round at the point, the outer margin 



VOL. II. 



being prolonged by a great lobe, to the commissure of the lips ; the 

 tragus is leaf-shaped, somewhat curved. The muzzle is very short, and 

 slightly pointed; the feet too are short; the side membranes, and the 

 base of the interfemoral, being clad. The fur of the superior parts of the 

 body is black, with fawn-coloured tips, the stripe along the flanks, and 

 at the base of the interfemoral, being fawn. Underneath, the colour is 

 black, tipped with whitish-grey. The length reaches to 3", the expanse 

 to 8'' — (Fig. in Temm. Mon. II. pi. 58, figs. 1 and 2.) 



61. V. AKOKOMULI THE AKOKOMULI BAT. 



This new species, like the preceding, has been discovered in Japan 

 by MM. de Siebold and Burger. It is a trifle larger than the preceding, 

 and has a longer and broader muzzle, and larger ears ; the feet and toes 

 are very short ; strong and long moustachios adorn the lips ; the tragus 

 is leaf-shaped, round at the point. The base of the interfemoral mem- 

 brane is clad above. The fur of the male is mouse-coloured above, the 

 tips having a reddish fawn tint ; beneath black, with light grey points, 

 the flanks and abdomen white. The female is of a iusset-brown above ; 

 beneath, black tipped with light red. The length is 3", the width 9". 

 —(Fig. in Temm. Mon. II. pi. 57, figs. 8 and 9.) 



Section IV. American Species, 



62. V. PH^OPS — THE BLACK-FACED BAT. 



This is probably the Phaiops of Rafinesque, which is alluded to in a 

 note in Desmarest's Mammalogie, (p. 135, nt. 5 ;) but M. Temminck has 

 taken his description from individuals he has himself received from Ten- 

 nessee. It is about the size of the Murinus, but the tail is not at all free, 

 and all the membranes are smooth ; the ears are of medium length, much 

 scooped out at their exterior margin, so that a lobe is formed at their 

 base, and the rounded point is bent backwards ; the tragus is shaped like 

 the willow-leaf. The fur is short, uniform in colour throughout, and 

 smooth ; above, it is bay-coloured or brown, strongly tinted with red ; 

 beneath, a lighter bay ; the face and membranes are black. The length 

 is 4i", the breadth 13". 



63. V. PULVERULENTUS.— THE POWDERED BAT. 



The Powdered Bat, which derives its name from the appearance of its 

 coat, was discovered by Prince Maximilian de Wied, during his journey 

 in the Rocky Mountains of North America, on the banks of the Missouri. 

 It closely resembles our Parti-coloured Bat, in its general form, and in 

 the markings of the upper parts of the body ; but is specifically different 

 from the European species, by its being smaller in size, by its interfemo- 

 ral membrane being clad all over on both sides, and by the under part of 

 its body being differently coloured. Its muzzle is broad and obtuse ; the 

 ears are broader than high, roundish, and clad half way up ; the tragus 

 is hatchet-shaped ; the tail short ; the interfemoral membrane abundant- 

 ly clad above, though less at the edge than the origin ; clad also beneath, 

 but with white transparent hair, and in concentric lines ; the toes are also 

 clad on their upper surface. The fur is long, silky, and bi-coloured 

 throughout, and yet the animal is all of one uniform colour. The hair is 

 of a very deep marone colour, tipt with white, so that the whole surface 

 appears as if besprinkled with white powder. The length is 3J", the 

 breadth 10". 



64. V. URSINUS THE URSINE BAT. 



This is another new species which was discovered by the Prince de 

 Neuwied, on the banks of the Missouii, and the description of which has 

 been supplied by that eminent individual to M. Temminck ; it is based on 

 the examination of seven individuals. The head is large ; the muzzle long, 

 broad, and somewhat depressed ; the nostrils are large, opening cross- 

 shaped at the side, and separated by a groove ; the ears are oval, and 

 much higher than the summit of the head, vertical on their posterior 

 margin, and somewhat scooped near the point ; the tragus is long, and 

 lance-shaped, blunt at the point ; the concha is clad at the base exter- 

 nally, the thumb of the strong wings is armed with a very crooked claw. 

 The tail is long, with its tip free, and the membrane is marked beneath, 

 with parallel rays, which give origin to a few fine bristles. The toenails 

 are very long, strong, and curved. The four incisors above are close set; 

 the six below are tri-lobed. The fur is long, silky, and shining ; above, 

 of a lustrous umber-brown, beneath lighter ; each hair is grey near its 

 root. The membranes and ears are black. The total length about 4", 

 the expanse about 11". 



65. V. CAROLINENSIS.— THE CAROLINA BAT. 



The Carolina Bat of Geoff'roy, Godman, and others, has its ears as 

 long as its head, oblong, and half clad externally ; the muzzle is some- 

 what pointed, and the nostrils approximate; the tragus shaped like a 



o 



