178 Mr. W. Peile on a Transformation of Coal. 



No. IV.- — Notes of a singular Transformation of the Seams of Coal into 

 Stone, at Crummock Colliery. By Mr. Williamson Peile, Colliery 

 Viewer. 



Read, November 21, 1851. 



During a late professional survey of the Crummock Colliery, about 

 three miles westward of Wigton, in Cumberland, I observed a very sin- 

 gular transformation of the Coal into Stone, an account of which I beg 

 to offer to the Society. 



The district contains three seams of Coal, viz. : — 



Feet. In. Fathoms. 



Crow Band, 2 6 Depth, 36^ 



Master Band, 4 6 Further, ... 2i 



Main Band, 6 Ditto, 30 



Total, 70 



The three seams have never yet been sunk through in one shaft, but 

 have been wrought near their outcrops, as shewn by the section, No. 3, 

 Plate III. The Crow and Master Band together, and the Main Band 

 by itself. 



The Colliery is bounded on each side by two large Dykes, both up- 

 casts westward, 620 yards apart (see Plan No. 4, Plate III.). The ex- 

 tent of the eastern one has never been exactly proved, but I find the 

 throw of the other to be not less than 100 fathoms. The outcrops of 

 the same seam on each side of the Dyke are half a mile asunder, and the 

 rise of the strata not less than 9 inches per yard. 



The course of the Stone Bands, or "Nip," differs from either of the 

 Dykes, being N. ll p W., and transversely, on the line of No. 2 Pit, 

 runs at 220 yards from the West Dyke, and is there 135 yards broad. 

 It is found both in the Crow and Master Bands, exactly at the same 

 place. The change is immediate, perpendicular through the seams, 



