188 Mr. Hutton on the Stratiform Basalt 



highest. Along this range the truncated edges of the beds, composing 

 nearly the whole of this formation, present themselves. 



The principal drainage of this group is to the East, or with the dip 

 of the strata, by the rivers Tyne, Wear, and Tees : there are, however, 

 various streams which carry off the waters of the western escapement 

 to the Eden, and these descending with rapidity over the edges of the 

 beds, afford great facilities for their examination. 



Most of the streams which carry off the waters towards the east de- 

 scending more rapidly than the strata, they cut deeply into them in 

 their course, and thus, as well as by the passage of veins and faults, the 

 Basalt can be seen in many places in Alston Moor. 



In the following observations the Whin will be described wherever it 

 is known within the escapement, commencing in the Alston district with 

 the river South Tyne, and its tributaries, then proceeding southward 

 to the Weai - , the Tees, and the Lune ; the appearance of its edge 

 will afterwards be noticed in a contrary course, proceeding towards the 

 north. 



Near the head of the north branch of Burn-stones Burn, a stream 

 which empties itself into the Tyne in Knarsdale, we find the Whin Sill 

 forming the bed of the stream for about 400 yards, it here dips with 

 the other beds rapidly to the north, in consequence of the proximity of 

 a great dyke or vein. 



In Gilderdale Burn the Whin may be seen about 2 miles above the 

 bridge on the Knarsdale road, where it forms the bed of it for 100 

 yards or upwards, and appears to be brought up by the throw of a vein. 



In nearly all the streams which carry off the drainage waters of Hart- 

 side and the north limb of Cross Fell, and which united form Black- 

 burn, the Whin may be seen in one part or other of their course. 



In a burn which runs past the mouth of a cavern called Hutton 

 Hole (an open fissure in the limestone, of limited extent, called by the 

 miners a shake hole), the Whin occurs. It is also seen in the next 

 stream to the south, called Watson's Beck ; and beyond this, in Agli- 

 onby Burn or Black Cleugh, where it forms the bed of the stream for 

 half a mile. 



