196 Mr. Hutton on the Stratiform Basalt. 



little south-east of Birk Crag farm house. At Windy Law Hill, about 

 one mile west of Greenhead, the Whin crosses the turnpike road, and 

 is worked in a quarry on the south side of it. In the valley the 

 Whin stratum is distinctly visible in the east end of the village of 

 Glenwhelt, and the inn there is built upon it. These localities form 

 the links of a chain connecting the Whin south of the Dyke with 

 Wall Town Crags, where the bed is well defined, as well as those 

 above and below it.* It here presents an uneven outline to the north, 

 the Basalt appearing suddenly to thicken and grow thin again, at 

 intervals. This character continues for a considerable distance, the 

 bed increasing in general thickness, and rising into higher eminences 

 as we proceed with it towards the east. At Crag Lough, a small 

 lake which lies in the hollow formed between the outcrop of the Basalt 

 and the rising of the bed below it, the perpendicular columns shooting 

 from the bed of debris by the side of the lake, have a fine effect, the 

 Basalt being here SO fathoms thick. Continuing the edge of the bed 

 towards the east, at a spot a little short of the Roman Station, now 

 called House Steads, a mass of Limestone apparently connected with 

 a bed below, appears in the Whin traversing the cliff at an angle of 

 about 40° 



No. 4. — Appearance in the CLIFF, near House Steads. 



The Limestone is S yards thick, and, at its junction with the Whin, 

 is very much altered, becoming perfectly crystalline, and of a greyish 

 colour, the colouring matter being in veins and clouded spots, the 

 organic remains entirely disappearing. About a yard from the Whin, 



* This connection of the beds on the two sides of the Dyke may be most satisfactorily 

 observed from that part of Tindle Fell, which is to the south of it. The eye of an ob- 

 server at this spot looking towards the north-east, and having the Whin Sill at his feet, can 

 easily trace the rapid rise of the beds towards the north from the fault, with the Whin Sill 

 very conspicuous in the midst. 



