I 



250 Dr. Johnston's Catalogue of Zoophytes. 



unless when irritated by mechanical means, and the light is of momentary duration. It is 

 emitted by the polypes solely, for no irritation will elicit it from any part of the stalk. 



III. Z. TUBULIFERA. 



4. LOBULARIA. 



1. L. digitata, polymorphous, greyish white or orange coloured, wrinkled, studded with 

 stellated pores ; polypes with pinnated tentacula. Dead Man's Toes (tab. nost. viii.). 



L. digitata, Lam. Hist. Nat. ii. 413; Flem. Br. Anim. 515 ; Stark Elem. ii. 421. 



Alcyonium manus marina, Ellis in Phil. Trans, liii. 431, tab. xx. figs. 10, 13. 



Alcyonium digitatum, Linn. ; Soland. Zooph. 175 ; Turt. Lin. iv. 652 ; Turt. Br. Faun. 

 207 ; Stew. Elem. ii. 431 ; Fleming in Edin. Phil. Journ. ix. 251 ; Bosc Vers. iii. 156, 

 t. 30, f. 4, 5 ; a copy from Ellis. Lamour. Corall. 243, t. 13 and t. 12, f. 4 and t. 14, f. 

 1 ; Hogg's Stockton 38. 



Alcyonium ramosa-digitatum molle, asteriscis undiquaque ornatum, Raii Syn. 31, no. 2. 



Alcyon digite, Brug. Encyclop. Method, vi. 20, no 1. 



Dead Man's Hand, Ellis Corall. 83, t. 32, f. a. A. A. 2. 



Hab. On stones and old shells, in deep water, very common. 



This is one of the most common marine productions, so that scarce a shell or stone can 

 be dredged from the deep that does not serve as the support of one or more specimens. — 

 Tt is often a mere crust about the eighth of an inch in thickness, but more commonly it rises 

 in masses of various sizes and forms. Sometimes the polypidom is a simple obtuse process, 

 very much resembling the teat of a cow's udder, whence our fishermen have happily 

 named it Cows-paps ; other polipidoms are more or less divided into finger-like lobes, and 

 assume figures that have suggested the names of Dead Mans Toes or Dead Mans Hands. 

 The outer skin is tough and coriaceous, studded all over with stellate figures, which, if at- 

 tentively examined, are seen to be divided into eight rays, indicating the number of the 

 tentacula of the polypes, which issue here. The body of the polypes is fleshy and opake, 

 enclosed in a transparent vesicular membrane, dotted with many minute calcarious grains, 

 and marked with eight white longitudinal lines, which are muscular bands, that not only ex- 

 tend to the base of the tentacula, but run across the oral disk, and terminate in the central 

 mouth. The polype cells are oval, placed just under the skin, and are the terminations of 

 long tubular canals, which run through the whole polypidom. These canals divide in their 

 course, into branches that diverge towards the circumference where they dilate into the cells . 

 they have strong cartilaginous, perhaps muscular, coats ; and are filled with a much less con- 

 sistent and dense matter than the body of the polype itself. It appears, from this dispo- 

 sition of the tubes, that many polypes communicate together and form a compound animal, 

 but that all the polypes of the same polypidom do not communicate directly. The space be- 

 tween the tubes is occupied by a loose fibrous net-work, filled with a transparent gelatine, 

 and in the meshes of which lie numerous crystalline bodies of various shapes, but most in 



