BRYOZOA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. 403 
nerves; /, tentacular sheath doubled upon itself; m, strong ra- 
diating muscles for preventing complete inversion of ditto; 
n, delicate radiating muscles in connexion with the orifice of 
cell; o, outer wall of cell; p, inner wall or tunic; q. inverted 
lips of orifice; 7, the point where the same unite to the tenta- 
cular sheath, immediately below which is the sphincter for 
closing the cell. 
Fig. 2.—Retracted polype of Plumatella Allmani seen by transmitted light 
and much magnified: a, bundle of tentacles enveloped in mem- 
branous sheath; a’, tentacular disc; 6, cesophagus; c, project- 
ing lips of cardiac opening; d, stomach; e, intestine; 7, anus; 
gg, wuscles for retracting the polype; 4, large radiating muscles 
for preventing complete inversion of tentacular sheath; 
2, delicate radiating muscles in connexion with the orifice of 
cell; 7, outer wall of cell; 4, inner membrane or tunic; J, in- 
verted margin or lips of orifice; m, tentacular sheath ; 
n, sphincter contraction of ditto; 0, bud in second stage of de- 
velopment ; p, tentacular sheath of ditto forming; g, retractor 
muscles in an incipient state. 
Fig. 3.—Upper portion of the cell of Plumatella Allmani much enlarged : 
a, bud in first stage of development attached to the inner surface 
of lining membrane of cell. 
Fig. 4.—Cell with exserted polype of Fredericella sultana much enlarged 
and seen as a transparent object: a, tentacular disc; 6, oral 
valve; c, esophagus; d, stomach; e, intestine; /f, the two 
bundles of polype retractors; g, two fibres of same for rotating 
tentacular disc; h, egg in connexion with ovary, attaching it to 
lower end of stomach and wall of cell; A’, appendage to the 
lower end of stomach, probably generative; 77, outer wall of 
cell; jj, lining membrane or tunic; 4, bud in third stage of 
development; /, tentacles of ditto as they at first appear; 
m, stomach of ditto; », retractor muscles of ditto; 0, nucleated 
cell—the incipient egg in connexion with the ovary. 
Fig. 5.—Bud in third stage of development more highly magnified: a, ten- 
tacular disc; 6, esophagus; c, stomach; d, intestine; e, inci- 
pient egg in enlarged portion of ovary ; f, wall of cell. 
Fig. 6.—Egg and ovary much enlarged of Fredericella sultana: a, egg im- 
bedded in ovary; 6, wall of cell to which lower end, c, of ovary 
is attached ; c’, upper portion of ovary leading to stomach. 
Puate IV. 
Fig. 1.—Side view of exserted tentacular apparatus much enlarged of Plu- 
matella punctata : a, esophagus; 6, oral valve; c, tentacular or 
oral arms; d, tentacles; e, membrane at base of ditto ; 
J, lamine at back of ditto. 
Fig. 2.—Enlarged view of underside of tentacular apparatus of Plumatella 
Allmani: a, margin of orifice of cell; 6, intestine; c, esophagus; 
d, oral valve; ee, oral arms; f/, membrane at base of tentacles, 
Fig. 3.—Enlarged view of the upper side of tentacular apparatus of Pluma- 
tella Allmani: a, mouth; 6, oral valve; cc, oral arms; d, mem- 
brane at base of tentacles. 
Fig. 4.—Much-enlarged view of the reproductive organs of Fredericella 
_ sultana: a a, outer wall of cell; 6 6, lining membrane or tunic; 
c, lower portion of stomach; dd, ovary; e, egg imbedded in 
same; 7, two filaments attached to the lower end of stomach, 
pralally connected with the reproductive system; g, retractor 
muscles. 
