FOSSIL MAMMALIAN REMAINS. ea 
XXII.—Notes on the Fossil Remains of some recent and extinct 
Mammalia found in the Counties of Northumberland and 
Durham. By Ricnarp Howse. (Pl. IV. and V.) 
Very few instances are yet put on record of the occurrences of 
Mammalia in a fossil state in these counties. A few years ago 
my attention was more particularly directed to this subject by 
the discovery, in the neighbourhood of Shields, of remains of 
some of the now extinct larger ruminants. In the following 
notes I have endeavoured to bring before the club, not only these 
discoveries, but also all the other authentic information I have 
been able to collect, hoping it may induce those of our members 
who may have any information of this nature to record it in the 
transactions of the club. 
Compared with more southern localities, the number of species 
we have met with is extremely meagre. As yet very few traces 
have occurred of those great Pachyderms, whose remains are so 
prevalent in Yorkshire and other parts of the eastern coast. 
Ruminants form the characteristic group of this ancient fauna; 
and we have now recorded, for the first time, I believe, the 
occurrence of the true Elk in the fossiliferous deposits of 
England. The occurrence of the Irish Elk also on the banks of 
the Tyne is of considerable interest, as it is, I believe, the 
highest latitude at which remains of this gigantic deer have 
been noticed. 
Further researches will, no doubt, make us acquainted with a 
greater number of species; indeed, since commencing this paper, 
I have heard of the discovery in Weardale of a species of cave 
carnivora in the once celebrated Heathery Burn Cave. The 
specimens discovered in this case, human and carnivorous, have 
been sent, I am informed, to London, for the purpose of being 
properly identified and recorded in some scientific periodical.* 
1. Mammortu, Elephas a 
A portion of a small tusk was found during the excavations of 
the docks at Hartlepool; but the exact geological position in 
which it was found, I have not been able to ascertain. 
* Geologist, vol. V., p. 34, et seq. 
