118 FOSSIL MAMMALIAN REMAINS. 
The country round Jarrow slake is now so utterly destitute’ 
of trees and shrubs, that we have some difficulty in imagining 
that in former times, thick hazle copses clothed the banks and 
hollows of the neighbouring denes, that willows, and alders of great 
size grew in the damper places, and extensive portions of the 
adjacent country were covered with forests of oak and Scotch-fir, 
in which we may presume 
“The rude axe with heaved stroke 
Was never heard the nymphs to daunt, 
Or fright them from their hallowed haunt.” 
Remains of this deer, consisting of the fragment of an antler of 
considerable size have been found on the banks of the Coquet, near 
Brinkburn, and the Rey. W. Greenwell reports its occurrence at 
Durham, where a portion of a cranium was found embedded with 
the remains of the wild-boar in a fine alluvial sand, thirteen feet 
below the present surface. 
In the Proceedings of the Berwickshire club for 1860, the oc- 
currence of skeletons of the red-deer, in a deposit of marl below a 
bed of peat at Middleton bog, in the neighbourhood of Wooler, is 
recorded. Here, they were associated with the teeth of the boar, 
and fresh water shells of existing local species. Our late lamented 
president has described very graphically, in a former volume of 
our Transactions, the occurrence of bones of the red-deer with 
those of human beings, from a deposit accumulated in the bed of 
the Wear.* 
The following statement requires confirmation :—“ Part of the 
horn of a red-deer (Lepidodendron, perhaps) was taken by the 
author from a block of freestone, got in Stainton Hill quarries.” 
—Hutchinson’s Durham, Vol, ii., App. 
The final extinction of this species from the enclosed preserves 
of these counties probably took place during the early part of 
the last century. Hutchinson gives the following quotation :— 
“¢ At Rood-day, 1673, there were above 400 red-deer in Teesdale 
forest, but were destroyed in the snow.” 
* Trans. Tyneside Nat. Field Club, Vol. iv., p. 117. 
