CuxNINGHAM.— The Uredinales, or Rust-fungi, of New Zealand. 15 
Autoecious. Cycle of development includes 0, I, П, III. 
0. Spermogones conical or flattened, subcuticular, without ostiolar 
filaments. ea 
L Caeomata indefinite, erumpent, without peridia but usually encircled 
by paraphyses.  Caematospores catenulate, usually subglobose, epispore 
hyaline or tinted yellow, verrucose; germ-pores scattered, numerous, 
obscure. 
IL. Uredosori without peridia, usually encircled by paraphyses, erumpent, 
pulverulent. Uredospores globose or elliptical, borne singly on pe icels ; 
epispore verrucose or echinulate, coloured or hyaline ; germ-pores scattered, 
numerous, obscure. 
ТП. Teleutosori erumpent, definite, with or without paraphyses, soon 
naked, almost black. Teleutospores divided by transverse septa into 2 
or several cells ; wall laminate, the middle layer dark-coloured and rigid, 
usually coarsely warted, sometimes smooth; germ-pores 2 to several in 
each cell, laterally placed, conspicuous ; pedicels prominent, persistent, 
hyaline, often roughened and much swollen below. Basidiospores sub- 
globose, smooth. 
This genus is confined to the host family Rosaceae. 
Distribution: Europe; Asia; North and South America; Ceylon; 
Australia. 
Of the five New Zealand species, three are endemic, one is indigenous, 
and one introduced. 
On germination a basidium is produced from each cell of the teleutospore ; 
this becomes four-celled, and from each cell arises a sterigma, bearing on 
its apex the subglobose basidiospore. 
Phragmidium is a well-defined genus, and is characterized by the large, 
many-celled, dark-coloured teleutospores ; the wall of the spore is thick, 
usually opaque, and distinctly laminated. This feature may readily be 
seen if the spores are boiled for a second or two in lactic-acid solution, 
for the epispore becomes much swollen and may be seen as a hyaline 
envelope surrounding the spore, often swelling to a thickness of 10 mmm. 
The caeomata greatly resemble the uredosori, and are sometimes diffi- 
cult to separate on account of this similarity, but the catenulate spores 
characterize them. 
KEY то THE SPECIES OF PHRAGMIDIUM. 
Host belonging to the family Rosa 
Host belonging to the tribe Roseae ' P .. 1. Phr. mucronatum. | 
Host belonging to the tribe Potentilleae 
Teleutospores 1-6-celled, commonly 4-5 .. 4. Phr. Potentillae. 
Teleutospores 4~7-celled onl 
eleutospores long-cylindrical .. 9. Phr. Acaenae. 
ospores oblong-terete T .. 5. Phr. subsimile. 
T 
Teleutospores 5-8-celled, commonly 7-8 . Phr. novae-zelandiae. 
