CuxNINGHAM.—A Revision of the New Zealand Nidulariales. 63 
1. Crucibulum vulgare Tulasne. (Plate 4, figs. 4, 7.) 
Tul, Lc., p. 90 
* Cyathus Crucibulum Pers., Syn. Fung., p. 238, 1801. C. laevis DC., Fl. Fr., 
vol. 2, p. 269, 1805. C. fime lori: DG. ibid., vol. 5, p. Tok 1815. Nidularia 
Crucibulum Secret., Mycogr. Suisse, vol. 3, p. 378, 1833. N. at hee 
Schw., . Phil. Soc., vol. 4, p. 253, 1834. Cyathus fi la Ber 
Linn. Jour., l 18 p. 93875 . С. pezizoides Berk., 
or i Crucibulum jugland De S yll. 
SVOL- A 
P 8. C. simile Mass., Grev., vol. 19, р. 94, 1891. С. desi Sa 
E) "White, Bull. Torr. Cl., vol. 20, p. 269, 1902. 
Peridia cyathiform, up to 12 mm. high, 10 mm. wide at the mouth, 
tapering жор to sessile truncate base, which may attain a thickness 
of 8 mm., seated on a basal pad of closely woven hyphae ; exterior bright 
cinnamon, becoming dingy with age, in young specimens closely covered 
with silky appressed tomentum, becoming almost smooth with age, interior 
pallid-cinnamon, smooth, shining; mouth erect, or slightly expanded, 
margin even, thick, smooth. feug I brown or dingy - white 
lenticular, smooth, 1-25-2 mm. diam. ; a thick, dingy-white, readily 
separable. Spores narrowly elliptical, pete at both ends, 7-10 x 
4-6 m 
mmm. 
Habitat.—Growing solitary or caespitose on decaying leaves, sticks, old 
und : 
Distribution.—World-wide ; common. Lake Papaetonga, Levin, Mrs. 
Cunningham! 31/8/19; York Bay, Wellington, E. H. Atkinson ! 
20/6/22; Cass, Canterbury, unknown collector! June, 1919; Fringe Hill, 
elson, 500m., Miss K. M. Curtis! 23/7/21; Dannevirke, W. Colenso; 
Bay of Islands, 7. D. Hooker 
This species varies considerably in the size and shape of the peridia 
and peridiola: for example, in specimens from the Cass the peridia are 
barely 5 mm. in height, яр the peridiola uos ш small, being 
less than 1 mm. in diamete 
= 
ПІ. Cyatuus Haller. 
Hall., Stirp. Helvet., vol. 3, p. 127, 1768. Ex Pers., Syn. Meth. Fung., 
p. 237, 1801. 
Cyathia P. Br., Civ. & Nat. Hist. Jamaica, p. 78, 1756. 
Peridium composed of three distinct layers, at first closed by a thin 
white epiphragm which covers the mouth, dehiscing by the irregular 
rupture of this membrane.  Peridiola lenticular, dark-coloured, consisting 
of an external white tunica which may be very thin or absent, a hard 
horny cortex, and an inner hymenial мун; attached to the inner wall 
of the peridium by a complex funiculus Basidiospores hyaline, variable 
in size and shape, binucleate. 
Distribution.—World-wide 
About twenty-six species are now recognized ; of these five occur in 
New Zealand, one being endemic. The genus differs from Crucibulum in 
having a distinctly. three-layered peridial wall, consisting of a loosely 
woven outer layer, a compacted pseudoparenchyma of partly gelatinined 
hyphal filaments forming a central layer, and an inner layer of loosely 
woven partly gelatinized filaments. It differs from Nidula in having the 
peridiola attached by funiculi to the inner wall of the peridium. 
* For earlier synonymy see Tulasne (1844). 
