128 Transactions. 
occurs, but their structural relationships are not clearly known, though 
their strike appears in general to be approximately parallel to that of the 
Ordovician beds. The earlier north-westerly folding was accompanied by 
the intrusion of more or less gneissic granites according to Park (1921), 
who has revived the belief that this occurred in Devonian times. By 
this period, but recent work shows that a much later date is probable. 
as Marshall has now recognized (19174), some break may occur here, 
which would account for the absence of the Lower and Middle Triassic 
una, no angular conformity has been shown between the two series, 
fa 
and probably a simple retreat of the sea, to be correlated with the general. 
regression throughout the Malay Archipelago in Lower Triassic times an 
resulting disconformity of Upper Triassic on Permian or basal Triassic 
annelid beds, was the essential feature of that interval. Indeed, it may 
have been partly bridged by the time of deposition of the large series of 
unfossiliferous greywackes which intervene between the two fossiliferous 
formations. 
The gently undulating Jurassic beds of eastern Southland certainly 
contrast sharply with the steeply folded Maitai rocks of western Southland, 
but do not come into contact with them. Instead, they pass down 
conformably into the strongly folded Triassic rocks of the Hokonui 
Hills, which, when traced to the north-west, could scarcely be separated 
by Hutton from the Maitai rocks of western Southland; and, though he 
returned (1885, 1900) to his first impression that there was a concealed 
unconformity here, he believed for a time (1875) that a perfect conformity 
existed. The strike of these beds in the southern flank of the Hokonui 
Hills is towards the north-west, but, as was shown by Cox (1878), it 
bends very sharply but continuously round into a southerly direction 
parallel to the strike of the Maitai rocks of western Southland, and thus 
encloses a wedge-shaped area of gently undulating Mesozoic sediments 
which cover much of south-eastern Southland. The significance of this 
will be discussed later. On the northern side of the Hokonui Hills the 
fossiliferous Triassic rocks appear to pass down into the flat-lyimg micaceous 
schists of Central Otago, to which further reference must be made.  . 
The early Cretaceous orogeny is the most marked of the tectonic 
disturbances which have affected New Zealand and produced very 1m- 
tense folding and dislocation. The strike of the Permian, Triassic, and 
Jurassic rocks varies considerably, though chiefly within the same limits 
as those of the older folded strata. The variability is most marked in 
the shattered earth-blocks in the north-western peninsula in the North 
Island. Approximately meridional strikes, varying somewhat to the east 
or west, are common in the main ranges of this Island, and the plication 
