170 Transactions. 
argument does not apply, for the mere citing of an example by subsequent 
writers is not a legal fixation of a genotype (Jukes-Browne, 1909, p. 238), 
which, in any case, must be one of the original species given by the author. 
The only way, therefore, in which Pelicaria can be accepted for this group 
is to prove that S. vernis is synonymous with B. scutulatum. 
This synonymity appears to be u unlikely ; for if Gray was “ familiar 
with both B. vermis and B. scutulatum," and intended it for the latter, why 
e) did he propose a new specific name for it ? why (2) he use a name so 
ely to be confused with vermis ? what (3) is tlie derivation and meaning 
ot vernis? It does not appear to be a Latin word. 
On the other hand, 8. vermis does not possess a spreading callus, as 
stated by Gray, but has a more limited one than Struthiolaria s. str., so 
it seems likely pac i was handling a specimen of T. scutulata wron 
identified as S. s. This, however, cannot alter the fact that the 
only example cited j^ the author of Pelicaria, and therefore the type of 
that genus, is S. vermis. This is confirmed by at least one of the figures 
that he cited. The original reads, “ P. vernis, t 5, f 3, t 91, £6: Adams, 
Gen. Moll. t 27, £ 7." The former reference is to fe “of Molluscous 
Animals, by Maria E. Gray (1850-54), a work which unfortunately was 
not available for this revision. The figure referred to in Adams’s work is 
labelled “ Struthiolaria vermis," and is a copy of Kiener's figure of that 
species ; vernis is therefore a misprint for vermis, and Pelicaria is synony- 
mous with Struthiolaria, as Harris stated. ee must be used for the 
up of calloused shells typified by Buccinum scutulatum Martyn, and 
including the fossils 7. coronata (Tate) and T. мша (Tate). (See text- 
fig. 8 and remarks above under Struthiolarella.) 
th Tryon and Cossmann give only New Zealand as the locality for 
T. scutulata, and consequently cite Pelicaria (= Tylospira) as a New 
Zealand genus. This is not correct. T. scutulata is a New South Wales 
shell (Tate, 1889, p. 170), and does not occur in this country, so that 
the genus Tylospira must be considered as exclusively Australian. The 
peculiar formation of the body-whorl by continued growth of the outer- 
lip callus, as well as the arched columella and sharp beak, justify generic 
distinction from Struthiolaria. 
PHYLOGENY OF THE FAMILY. 
From the foregoing it will be seen that all the members of this family 
have descended from a convex-whorled ancestor with fairly strong, spaced 
spirals, probably of Cretaceous age. “ Struthiolaria ” lirata Tate, which has 
been cited above as an example, is probably far in gigi of the primitive 
form, but gives a general idea of what its i gg must have been. 
In the next stage, that illustrated by M. , there are strong 
