Manwick.—The Struthiolariidae. 175 
In previous descriptions Struthiolaria has always been described as 
A section of the columella, however, shows that it is hollow, 
and therefore the genus must be considered as umbilicate, but with the 
umbilicus closed in adults by the callus of the inner lip. 
(a.) S. papulosa Group. 
Struthiolaria subspinosa n. sp. (Plate 11, figs. 4, 9, 10.) 
Shell of moderate size, ovate, with gradate spire about equal in 
height to aperture; whorls 8, including protoconch, sharply a ite above 
middle, with a somewhat flat shoulder, whorls immediately after proto- 
conch convex, body-whorl bicarinate, concave between shoulder and lower 
keel, base very rapidly contracted; apex conoidal, of 2 smooth whorls, 
nucleus minute, planorbid ; sculpture, angle of shoulder ee with 
small sharply-pointed Эрк sce р еы, 14-20 оп body-whorl, 
18-25 on the penultimate, and about 30 on each spire- аНЫ. keel of 
body-whorl obsoletely nodular, and base often with weak cinguli, ‘of which 
the one nearest keel is sometimes stronger, giving the shell the suggestion 
of a double keel; the whole surface covered with fine, wei spiral threads, 
with wide interstices, 8 on first two convex whorls, 10 on third, the sixth 
thread from top being moniliform and marking the ibus: shoulder, 
7 above the finely-tuberculated shoulder of fourth whorl and 9 below, 
9 above and 10 below on fifth, 10 above and 17 below on penultimate, the 
growth-lines very fine ; on early whorls a strong spiral cord midway between 
angle and anterior suture, making whorl bicarinate ; suture linear, not 
impressed ; aperture ovate, angled above, produced below into very short 
us, 
than outer lip ; columella concave, bent to arene below, ending 
in collection of the New Zealand Geological Survey. 
Height, 40 mm. Benge 21-5 
Località 
ies.—165, te Rock Hw. Pareora (type); "ie Awamoa ; 
475, Mount Ham. d ; Lower Gorge, Pareora; 44, Brewery Creek, 
Mokihinui River ; br Mun beds, Kakahu ; Target Gully shell-bed, 
mes of 
and Thomas Rivers, Trelissick Basin (J. A. Thomson) ; 952, Target 
Gully ; Waikaia (H. J. Finla ay). 
Remarks.—This is the commonest and most widely spread Struthiolaria 
än the Tertiary. The specimens from igher horizons seem to have a 
smooth lower keel on the body-whorl. 
Poor specimens and casts from the following localities resemble this 
species, but certain identification cannot be made: 98, brown sandstone 
Whangaroa Harbour; 70, Akuaku, East Cape district ; 649, Coin 
Rapids; 919, mudstone below upper limestone, Awakino Valley ; ; 1043, 
grit band, McGovern's Stream, Ohura ; 1048, Okahukura tunnel. 
Distinguished from S. spinosa by the more numerous and finer spines, 
and the narrow callus of the inner lip. The description was compiled from 
paratypes as well as from the holotype, which is somewhat worn on the 
spire. 
Many of the Target Gully specimens have an appearance somewhat 
different from the typical S. subspinosa. They have very small low 
