360 Transactions. 
of the under-surface of the sole. The lacing-strips were in actual position, 
with the ends tied. Plate 39 shows one of the sandals in position on 
the foot. The foot, being small, was slipped in without disarranging or 
untying the lacing-strips. Fig. 18 shows the technique. It will be seen 
that the two long flaxen strips which helped to fix the upper layer of heel- 
wefts, and to which the heel-band was attached, are carried down on either 
side-border in three loops formed by passing the strips through these weft- 
turns at the edges, the third loop being the strip next to the toe-border, 
The strips are now simply interlaced through the loop on either side, and 
tied together in front of the ankle as shown in fig. 18 and Plate 39. At 
times a short strip of flax is passed through the middle of the toe-border - 
at T and tied round the two lacing-strips where they cross to the third 
loop at S. The loop and lacing-strips being continuous, the former can be 
adjusted to any size of foot. 
Besides paraerae and parekereke, Williams gives parahirahi as a sandal 
made of flax. Hamilton (8) states that there were three kinds of sandals - 
made in the South Island. One kind was made of a single layer of plaited 
flax-leaves, and was called paraerae hou, or kuara, or parekereke. Both 
aerae and parekereke are North Island names for sandals in general, 
whether made of flax or ti (Cordyline). Paraerae hou seems to me to mean - 
sandals made from fresh leaves, whether of flax or ti. His second kind, 
named takitaki, seems to be a misprint for takitahi. Takitahi is the North 
Island term for the check stroke, and is applied to a sandal to indicate the 
technique employed. His third kind, torua, is also used in the North to 
indicate the stroke used—viz., a twilled two; but according to Shortland, 
quoted above, it may have been the name in the South for the sandal with 
double sole. | 
Best mentions that combined leggings and sandals were made. Besides 
tumatakuru, the names rohe and papari are given by him for this article. | 
He also mentions toe-caps, called paenaena, and leggings, called parenga- 
renga. Of their technique I have no knowledge. 
Sandals and shoes made of narrower white wefts and of dressed fibre 
are to be seen in our museums, but they must be regarded as modifications 
originating in post-European times. 
Smalley NS 
8. SAILS: RA, OR MAMARU. 
it wood was used. Long strips of sail-mat were plaited, and then 
strips were placed together with the edges overlapping. These were Sew 
together with coconut-fibre. The strip figured by him is 47 in. wide, and 
the width of the wefts from $ in. to lin. The sail was twice as heavy 
