696 T ransactions. 
If the nguru were played as stated, on what did the air impinge to 
produce a sound ? or what formed a reed ? The only way in which the 
writer is able to sound a ngurw is by blowing across the wide end as if it 
were a koauaw; a clear sharp whistle, almost of piccolo quality, or boats- 
wain's pipe, then sounds, and covering and uncovering the holes gives notes 
of varying pitch and irregular intervals. The odd hole at the back of the 
bend altered the pitch, which was high C sharp in an Auckland instrument, 
about a semitone. 
n a note on the pumoana, or shell trumpet, which he calls pukaea 
(Plate 69, fig. 1), Captain Mair writes that the wooden mouthpiece was 
bound to the shell with bark from the hoihere (houhere), or lacebark 
(Hoheria populnea), steeped in a tenacious gum made from the seeds of 
Pittosporum. is a very old specimen of this trumpet in the Auckland 
Museum. It is called “ Te awa a te atua,” and according to tradition was 
found on the beach at Matata or Te Awaateatua by Tuwharetoa, one of 
the crew of the “ Arawa " canoe. After the birth of the sons of Tuwharetoa 
about Putauaki (Mount Edgcumbe)—namely, the Kawerau, Te Maranga- 
ranga, Te Raupo Ngaoheohe, Te Tinirau, Te Aruhetawiri, &c. A remnant, 
known as Te Heke o Maruiwi, fled to Taupo, whither they were pursued 
by the sons of Tuwharetoa, who, having exterminated the Ngati-Hotu, 
another ancient tribe, finally occupied all that country and are now known 
at Ngatituwharetoa Elsdon Best notes that the Maruiwi were never 
located at Taupo. They migrated from the Heipipi pa at Petane, marched 
up the coast, and across the ranges to Opotiki, then on to the Waimana 
district, where they settled. In later times they were expelled, and returned 
to Heretaunga via Waiohau and Kaingaroa. They were attacked by the 
sons of Tuwharetoa near Te ahi a nga tane, on the Napier-Taupo road. In 
panis, they fled in darkness, and are said to have perished im a сайоп near 
Te Pohue, a few survivors reaching Heretaunga. The trumpet “ Те awa а 
te atua ” used to be sounded only on the birth of а first-born male child. 
When Te Heuheu and his tribe were overwhelmed at Te Rapa by à land- 
The putara, which Captain Mair calls putatara or putatere, was, he writes, 
from 5ft. to 7 ft. in length, and was made of from two to five thin strips 
of wood (Plate 69, fig. 2, A), being the two parts of a single piece split and 
hollowed out as described by Captain Mair. То form the belled end, two 
between the two main pieces like gores. These two pieces are 2 in. in widt 
at the mouth of the bell, and taper to a point at about 17 in. up the side. 
The rim of the bell has been cut so that it forms a zigzag pattern. е 
Plate 69, fig. 2.) At llin. from the mouth of the bell a kind of tonsil 
arrangement has been cut, as shown in the plate. The simple tonsil 
