45 
Salix alba, L., and other ete Oval galls ex cipi 
projecting on bo th su rfaces, especially below, up t m. in 
length, green or red, fleshy. Produced by a saw- ‘fly, Annais 
gallicola, Steph. 
S. aurita, L., and other species of the section Capreae bear galls. 
a) Terminal buds remain abortive with leaves short and 
crowded into a rosette or resembling the scales of a cone. Amon 
the leaves lives the larvæ of a gall-midge, Rhabdophaga rosaria 
(H. WE ). 
In leaves, usually near the midrib or large veins, oN almost 
, An es 
ve, ver ns 
lives one larva of a idee. "Oligotr ophis [^ tels (Winn 
S. viminalis, L. Margin of leaf rolled backwards, thickened, 
and yullowid prost or red in colour, the length varying with the 
degree of union of galls. Produced by à pet Perrisia 
marginem-torquens, (Winn.). 
Populus alba. L. A few twigs showed spindle-shaped swellings 
in which was an irregular cavity in the pith. These galls may 
have been the work of a beetie, Saperda populnea, L. 
P. E L. pee (of the genus Pemphigus) produce imam 
forms of galls on all the varieties of this y put all stages 
preria of the insects being found in them 
(a.) Galls similar in form and structure to ee on P. alba. 
(5.) On young twigs and on bases of petioles are oval often 
decurved galls up to 15 mm. long, narrowed towards the tip, where 
each ends in an opening surrounded usually by a wrinkled 
margin. They are formed by Pemphigus bursarius, 
(c.) Leaf-blade folded backward to inclose a space aper ch. i: 
enlarged by the blade becoming irregularly DM 
somewhat fleshy, often yellowed or reddened. In the space live 
numerous examples of Pemphigus affinis, Kalt. 
(d.) Leaf-blade much hypertrophied near the base forming 
a large hollow which opens by a slit along the midrib ^s the lower 
surface. Caused by Pemphigus marsupialis, Courche 
Taxus baccata, L. Terminal buds remain ers the leaves over- 
lapping so as to resemble the scales of a e e, but not changing 
much in colour. In the centre of the gall is qe larva of the gall- 
maker, a midge named Perrisia Taxi, (Inchbald). 
. Picea excelsa, Link. Galls at tips of twigs quuni pine- 
apples about 15 to 20 mm. long, the terminal bud remaining short 
with crowded needles, ea vem becomes broad and fleshy u ‘its base 
and partly united with one another, inclosing between them 
cavities inhabited by Chermes strobilobius, Kalt., aggr ; but the life- 
history must be studied to determine whether it is C. strobi ilobius, 
alt., segr., or C. lapponicus, Cholod. Other species related to 
excelsa, also show a few galls of the same appearance, 
