49 
with appressed silky brown hairs. It is made by Neuroterus 
numismatis, Oliv., and is usually abundant. The spring form of 
the l, which is about twice as large, and sunk in the leaf 
Scarcely projecting on either Surface, and green, has not been 
observed at Kew. 
The common spangle gall occurs gregariously on the under 
surface of the leaves, between the veins, in autumn. It is flat, 
with a swollen depressed-conical centre, 1jto? lines in diameter, 
size of a red currant, soft and juicy, and green more or less 
suffused or streaked with red where exposed to the sun. The 
f is usually common, but not nearly so abundant as 
the autumn form. 
nd ; 
lighter in colour. It is usually very local, but gregarious where 
found. The maker is known as Neuroterus laeviusculus, Schenck. 
The spring form of the gall, which is ovoid, smooth, } to 1 line long, 
and greenish yellow in colour, has not been observed at Kew. 
The smooth spangle gall is similar to the preceding in size, and 
a i me are no hairs 
ig, and mmonly á is 
usually less gregarious than the three preceding. The spring 
form of the gall, which is pea-shaped, 2 lines in diameter, and 
bears a number of soft white hairs, has not been observed at Kew. 
Catkin galls. The currant gall occurs most characteristically 
on the catkins, and it has derived its name from its ize an 
colour, and from the cireumstance that frequently several occur 
on the same catkin, and thus resemble small bunches of currants. 
In other respects it agrees with the same gall as found on the 
leaves. It is common in spring, and is made by Neuroterus 
baccarum, L., its autumn form being the common spangle gall. 
On the catkins also occur small oblong galls, about a line long, 
and somewhat, but not densely hairy. They oceur in June an 
are rather rare. The maker is believed to be Andricus amenti, 
Giraud. 
The currant gall, produced by Newroterus baccarum, L., and 
its autumn form, the common spangle gall, are both common, an 
show precisely the same features as on Q. pedunculata. ; 
13757 D 
