347 
Suppl. (Nauclea Gambir); Korthals, Verhandl. Nat. Gesch. 
Nederl. Bezitt (1839-42) t. 34, ff. 1-2; Berg. Charact. t. 44, 
No. 340 (Nauclea Gambir); Baillon, Hist. Pl. vii. pp. 350—351 
(Ourouparia Gambir); Bentl. and Trimen, Med. Pl. t. 139; 
Kohler, Med. Pflan.; Teysmannia, Batavia, xviii. 1907, p. 106. 
Gambir or Gambier, Terra Japonica, Pale catechu. 
Native of the Malay Peninsula, and largely cultivated there. 
The plant was recommended by Kew for cultivation in Lagos, 
and the Niger Territory as well as in other colonies in 1889 (Kew 
Bull. 1889, p. 247), but nowhere does it appear to have been com- 
mercially successful óther than in or near the original countries 
of production. 
An important tanning and dyeing substance is obtained from 
the leaves. The extract is also used medicinally, and in India for 
eating with “ pán ” (Dict. Econ. Prod. India), and countries of 
origin for chewing with betel-pepper and lime. 
o 
cuttings—the latter for preference. Planted out when about 
-12 in. high, at distances of about 9-12 ft. (538, or 302 plants 
from two to four harvests of leaves d year for upwards of 20 or 
30 years. Careful weeding and good cultivation —manuring, 
occasional topping to 6 ft. or so, etc., is essential to keep the 
plantation up to standard. 
It is sometimes grown in the Malay States as a catch-crop with 
Pepper (Piper nigrum), and might be similarly tried in rubber 
plantations. 
and made up into the usual commercial forms—in blocks or cut 
and pressed into cubes. The fracture is somewhat earthy and 
in general appearance it resembles clay 
The stirring during the boiling process is done in the Straits 
Settlements with three pronged forks, made in one piece, of the 
